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. 2017 Apr 17;6(4):e317. doi: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.22

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Copyright © 2017 The Author(s)

Oncogenesis is an open-access journal published by Nature Publishing Group. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Study design and detection of HBV DNA- or WHV DNA-specific signals by invPCR/NAH after infection of HepaRG cells or healthy woodchucks. (a) HepaRG cells infected with authentic HBV from patients NL01.A, NL02.C and NL03.E with chronic hepatitis B. (b) Woodchucks Cw1 to Cw4 intravenously infected with WHVtm/3 inoculum. Liver biopsy 1 (Bx-1) obtained prior to experiment, LBx-2 at 1 or 3 h after injection with WHV, and LBx-3 acquired 6 weeks thereafter. Open circles show the acquisition time of cells or liver biopsies and closed circles represent samples in which virus DNA hybridization signals suggesting virus–host integration were detected. A, C and E, HBV genotypes; F, female; M, male.