Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 24.
Published in final edited form as: ACS Sens. 2017 Feb 24;2(3):327–338. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00834

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Aptamer-modified gold electrodes for long-term therapeutic drug monitoring in vivo. (a) Aptamers are immobilized onto electrode surfaces through gold-thiol chemistry. In the unbound state, the methylene blue reporter is a long way from the surface and so very little current is generated. In the bound state, the aptamer undergoes a conformational change and the reporter approaches the surface, generating increased current. (b) The electrode surface is coated in polysulfone to reduce biofouling from high molecular weight biomolecules and cells. (c) The sensor characteristics allow high-resolution monitoring of doxorubicin pharmacokinetics within an individual, potentially allowing for rapid changes in treatment regimen. Reprinted from Reference 40. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2017, 114 (4), 645–650. Copyright 2017, National Academy of Sciences.