Table 1. Summary of Group Comparisons and Significant Brain Regions.

Description	Figure 2	Scan pair	Brain region	Change	ML	AP	DV
(A) Treatment effects
Effect of spontaneous opioid withdrawal	A1	Saline scan 1 vs saline scan 2	Angular thalamic nuclei	Increase	−1.6	−6	−6.6
			Dysgranular insular cortex	Decrease	−4.2	3.2	−5.2
			Agranular insular cortex	Decrease	4	3.2	−6
			Ventrolateral periaqueductal gray	Decrease	−0.6	−8	−6
Within-group effect of METH replacement	A2	METH scan 1 vs METH scan 2	Ventromedial thalamic nuclei	Increase	1	−3.2	−7.2
			Agranular insular cortex	Decrease	−3.6	3.4	−5.8
Within-group effect of BUP replacement	A3	BUP. scan 1 vs BUP. scan 2	Ventral posterior thalamic nucleus	Increase	2.6	−4.4	−6.4
			Anterior amygdaloid	Increase	−3.6	−1.6	−6.4
			Primary somatosensory cortex	Increase	−4.6	−1.2	−2.4
			Hippocampus (radiatum, CA3)	Decrease	−5	−4.6	−5.2
			Hippocampus (radiatum layer)	Decrease	4.8	−4.8	−6.4
			Reticular thalamic nucleus	Decrease	1.8	−1.4	−7
			Caudomedial entorhinal cortex	Decrease	−4.8	7.6	−7.4
Between-group effect of METH replacement	A4	Saline scan 2 vs METH scan 2	Ventral striatum	Increase	−2.4	0.8	−8.2
			Hippocampus (CA1/CA2)	Increase	4.2	−4.4	−7.8
Between-group effect of BUP replacement	A5	Saline scan 2 vs BUP scan 2	Ventral striatum	Increase	−2.4	1.2	−8.2
			Ventral striatum	Increase	1.4	1.6	−7.8
Between-treatment effect (metabolic changes in BUP relative to METH)	A6	METH scan 2 vs BUP scan 2	Dorsal raphe nucleus	Increase	0	−8.8	−7
			Medial geniculate nucleus	Increase	3	−5.4	−6.2
			Hippocampus (radiatum layer)	Decrease	5	−4.8	−7.2
(B) Within-sex treatment effects
Effect of METH replacement on female rats compared with spontaneous withdrawal	B7	Saline scan 2 female vs METH scan 2 female	Reticular thalamic nucleus	Increase	1.8	−1.4	−6.8
Effect of METH replacement on male rats compared with spontaneous withdrawal	B8	Saline scan 2 males vs METH scan 2 males	Caudate/putamen	Increase	5	−0.8	−5.6
			Caudate/putamen	Increase	−4.6	−0.8	−5.6
			Caudate/putamen (anterior)	Increase	3.8	1.6	−4.8
			Caudate/putamen (anterior)	Increase	−3.4	1.8	−4.4
Effect of BUP replacement in female rats compared with spontaneous opioid withdrawal	B9	Saline scan 2 females vs BUP scan 2 females	Primary motor cortices	Increase	2.4	0.4	−1.8
			Ventral striatum	Increase	0.8	1.8	−7.6
Effect of BUP replacement in male rats compared with spontaneous opioid withdrawal	B10	Saline scan 2 males vs BUP scan 2 males	Ventral striatum	Increase	1.8	1.6	−7.8
			Primary somatosensory cortex	Increase	−4.6	0.2	−2.6
			Dorsolateral entorhinal cortex	Decrease	−5.8	−8.2	−7.2
			Dorsal entorhinal cortex	Decrease	−6.8	−7.4	−6.4
(C) Between-sex treatment effects
Effect of female sex on METH replacement	C11	METH scan 2 males vs METH scan 2 females	Cingulate cortex	Increase	0.4	−0.4	−3.2
Effect of female sex on BUP replacement	C12	BUP scan 2 males vs BUP scan 2 females	Globus pallidus	Increase	3.4	−1.2	−7.2
			Cingulate cortex	Decrease	−0.4	−0.6	−2.4

This table provides a summary and description of microPET scan group comparisons organized by (A) treatment effects, (B) within-sex treatment effects, and (C) between-sex treatment effects. METH, BUP, and control (saline) group comparisons are presented. Scan 1 refers to group baseline scans (pretreatment). Scan 2 refers to the subchronic opioid replacement treatment scans or spontaneous withdrawal scans in the case of saline controls. Brain regions with significant metabolic increases and decreases in glucose metabolism are listed, as well as corresponding medial–lateral (ML), anterior–posterior (AP), and dorsal–ventral (DV) stereotaxic coordinates. All reported increases and decreases are significant at a strict p-value threshold of p⩽0.001 (corrected) with a cluster-extent threshold of k=0 voxels. A legend of corresponding images from Figure 2 is also shown. The metabolic changes reported are relative to the scan order in the scan pair column. For example, in the first row, saline scan 1 vs saline scan 2, the metabolic changes reported are the results of scan 2, relative to baseline scan 1. The description column is provided to summarize the interpretation of each scan pair.