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. 2017 Jun 15;8(6):e2878. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2017.275

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Copyright © 2017 The Author(s)

Cell Death and Disease is an open-access journal published by Nature Publishing Group. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Ti particles regulate RANKL and OPG expression via GSK-3β and β-catenin signal pathway. MC3T3-E1 cells were pretreated with 10 μm ICG-001 for 30 min; then, 10 mM LiCl and 0.1 mg/ml Ti particles were added and cultured in the osteogenic medium for 24 h. (a) rankl and (b) opg mRNA levels in MC3T3-E1 cells were evaluated using RT-PCR. (c) Ratio of RANKL/OPG mRNA. (d) RANKL and (e) OPG protein levels in MC3T3-E1 culture medium were identified by ELISA. (f) Ratio of RANKL/OPG protein levels. *P<0.05 versus control group; ^#P<0.05 versus Ti group;^&P<0.05 versus LiCl group; ^P<0.05 versus Ti+LiCl group