Table 1a.
Patient characteristics by pre-dialysis serum K
Serum K (mEq/L) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
< 4.0 | 4.0 – 5.0 | 5.1 – 6.0 | > 6.0 | |
N patients (%) | 6300 (11%) | 27525 (50%) | 16959 (31%) | 4399 (8%) |
Demographics | ||||
Age (years) | 63.8 ± 15.2 | 63.0 ± 15.2 | 61.8 ± 15.3 | 60.4 ± 15.3 |
Sex (% men) | 56% | 58% | 59% | 56% |
Black race (%) | 20% | 17% | 11% | 7% |
Vintage (years) | 2.0 ± 3.7 | 2.9 ± 4.4 | 4.0 ± 5.2 | 4.5 ± 5.4 |
Hemodialysis-related characteristics | ||||
Central venous catheter use (%) | 47% | 34% | 26% | 25% |
Single Pool Kt/V | 1.41 ± 0.35 | 1.46 ± 0.34 | 1.46 ± 0.33 | 1.44 ± 0.34 |
Treatment time (min) | 219 ± 37 | 225 ± 38 | 230 ± 39 | 233 ± 39 |
Dialysate Potassium (mEq/L) | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 0.6 |
Laboratory and biometric measurements | ||||
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.6 ± 6.4 | 26.6 ± 6.3 | 26.0 ± 6.0 | 25.2 ± 5.5 |
Pre-dialysis SBP (mm Hg) | 144 ± 24 | 145 ± 23 | 145 ± 23 | 145 ± 23 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.7 ± 1.6 | 11.0 ± 1.5 | 11.2 ± 1.6 | 11.2 ± 1.7 |
Normalized PCR (g/kg/day) | 0.85 ± 0.24 | 0.95 ± 0.25 | 1.04 ± 0.26 | 1.10 ± 0.27 |
Serum Creatinine (mg/dL) | 6.6 ± 2.8 | 7.7 ± 3.0 | 8.9 ± 2.9 | 9.7 ± 3.0 |
Serum Albumin (g/dL) | 3.46 ± 0.61 | 3.65 ± 0.53 | 3.76 ± 0.51 | 3.81 ± 0.52 |
WBC count (103 cells/mm3) | 7.6 ± 2.9 | 7.3 ± 2.5 | 7.2 ± 2.4 | 7.4 ± 2.5 |
Serum Bicarbonate (mEq/L) | 23.9 ± 4.0 | 22.9 ± 3.6 | 22.1 ± 3.6 | 21.3 ± 3.8 |
Serum Calcium (mg/dL) | 8.8 ± 0.9 | 9.0 ± 0.9 | 9.1 ± 0.9 | 9.2 ± 0.9 |
Serum Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 4.7 ± 1.7 | 5.2 ± 1.7 | 5.6 ± 1.8 | 6.0 ± 2.0 |
Serum Potassium (mEq/L) | 3.6 ± 0.3 | 4.5 ± 0.3 | 5.5 ± 0.3 | 6.5 ± 0.4 |
Medications (%) | ||||
ACEi | 19% | 23% | 25% | 23% |
ARB | 12% | 13% | 15% | 15% |
Diuretic | 35% | 30% | 24% | 18% |
Potassium-binding resin | 4% | 6% | 11% | 17% |
Comorbid conditions (%) | ||||
Coronary artery disease | 43% | 42% | 41% | 38% |
Cancer (non-skin) | 13% | 13% | 12% | 11% |
Other cardiovascular disease | 31% | 30% | 32% | 31% |
Cerebrovascular disease | 17% | 16% | 15% | 14% |
Heart failure | 36% | 33% | 32% | 30% |
Diabetes | 48% | 46% | 40% | 34% |
Gastrointestinal bleeding | 7% | 5% | 5% | 5% |
Hypertension | 84% | 84% | 84% | 82% |
Lung disease | 13% | 13% | 13% | 13% |
Neurologic disease | 11% | 10% | 10% | 10% |
Psychiatric disorder | 21% | 18% | 18% | 19% |
Peripheral vascular disease | 27% | 26% | 26% | 25% |
Recurrent cellulitis, gangrene | 9% | 9% | 9% | 9% |
Mean ± SD or % shown; N=55,183 patients who were included in all-cause mortality analyses.
ACEi=angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor; ARB=Angiotensin II receptor antagonist; nPCR=normalized protein catabolic rate; SBP=systolic blood pressure; WBC=white blood cell.