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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016 Jun 29;1864(12):1787–1800. doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.06.014

Figure 2. Tryptophan-Derived Biosynthesis of NAD+ via Kynurenine Pathway.

Figure 2

Enzymes are A) tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase B) kynurenine mono-oxygenase C) kynureninase D) 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4,-dioxygenase E) no-enzyme F) Quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase G) nicotinic acid/nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (Nmnat 1, 2, 3) H) NAD synthetase. I) 2-amino-3-carboxy-muconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) which acts upon 2-amino-3-carboxy-muconate-semialdehyde to form picolinic acid, as an alternative pathway fed by the kynurenine catabolic pathway, as discussed in the text.