Table 3.
Association between individual behaviors, parent influences, and home environment factors and overweight/obesity and WHtR ≥ 0.5 in adolescents (n = 3671)
| Overweight/obese | WHtR ≥ 0.5 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adolescent behaviors | OR (95% CI) | P value | AORa (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | AORa (95% CI) | P value |
| Does eat breakfast daily | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Do not eat breakfast daily | 1.51 (1.25, 1.83) | 0.001 | 1.42 (1.16, 1.74) | 0.001 | 1.42 (1.15, 1.77) | 0.001 | 1.37 (1.09, 1.73) | 0.007 |
| Eats dinner in front of TV <5/week | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Eats dinner in front of TV ≥5/week | 1.08 (0.88, 1.34) | 0.464 | 1.02 (0.83, 1.27) | 0.839 | 1.18 (0.89, 1.56) | 0.234 | 1.06 (0.79, 1.43) | 0.69 |
| Eats fast food less than once/week | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Eats fast food ≥1/week | 0.96 (0.78, 1.19) | 0.742 | 0.88 (0.71, 1.09) | 0.228 | 1.08 (0.83, 1.40) | 0.558 | 0.93 (0.72, 1.34) | 0.962 |
| Use e-devices during sleep time (never/sometimes) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Use e-devices during sleep time (usually) | 1.29 (1.04, 1.59) | 0.021 | 1.30 (1.04, 1.63) | 0.022 | 1.14 (0.86, 1.51) | 0.358 | 1.20 (0.86, 1.67) | 0.272 |
| Parent practices | ||||||||
| Rules on snacking in the home | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| No rules on snacking in the home | 0.90 (0.73, 1.11) | 0.322 | 0.85 (0.69, 1.04) | 0.103 | 1.90 (0.67, 1.20) | 0.465 | 0.83 (0.61, 1.13) | 0.239 |
| Sweet used as a reward for good behavior (never/sometimes) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Sweet used as a reward for good behavior (usually) | 1.85 (1.04, 3.30) | 0.035 | 2.18 (1.05, 4.52) | 0.036 | 0.73 (0.33, 1.60) | 0.419 | 0.63 (0.23, 1.68) | 0.351 |
| Rules on screen-time (usually) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Rules on screen-time (never/sometimes) | 1.24 (1.03, 1.51) | 0.027 | 1.29 (1.07, 1.55) | 0.008 | 1.17 (0.95, 1.43) | 0.126 | 1.21 (0.97, 1.51) | 0.086 |
| Home environment | ||||||||
| Soft drink available in the home (never/sometimes) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Soft drink available in the home (usually) | 1.23 (0.98, 1.55) | 0.068 | 1.16 (0.92, 1.46) | 0.222 | 1.07 (0.80, 1.45) | 0.636 | 0.99 (0.71, 1.37) | 0.941 |
| No TV in the bedroom | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Has a TV in the bedroom | 1.23 (0.99, 1.54) | 0.063 | 1.23 (0.98, 1.55) | 0.071 | 1.38 (1.02, 1.86) | 0.036 | 1.20 (0.90, 1.60) | 0.216 |
WHtR waist-to-height ratio
aadjusted for age, sex, socio-economic status, rural/urban residence, cultural background and meeting daily physical activity recommendation