Table 1.
Weighted baseline characteristics of the EPOSA study subjects, stratified by country of origin*
| All subjects (n = 2,942) |
Germany (n = 407) |
Italy (n = 468) |
The Netherlands (n = 574) |
Spain (n = 539) |
Sweden (n = 510) |
UK (n = 444) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||||
| Women | 51.9 | 40.3 | 53.2 | 55.2 | 49.7 | 60.0 | 50.0 |
| Age, median (IQR) years | 74 (70-78) | 73 (70-77) | 73 (69-77) | 75 (70-80) | 75 (70-80) | 71 (68-75) | 75 (73-77) |
| Less than secondary education | 45.0 | 49.9 | 77.6 | 25.5 | 72.4 | 23.3 | 20.9 |
| Health status | |||||||
| Obesity | 26.1 | 24.4 | 26.1 | 25.6 | 33.2 | 16.9 | 31.2 |
| Cognitive impairment | 9.0 | 0.9 | 19.1 | 4.6 | 13.4 | 5.7 | 10.0 |
| Anxiety | 20.7 | 14.2 | 53.0 | 16.5 | 17.6 | 7.3 | 16.4 |
| Depression | 11.9 | 7.7 | 20.9 | 12.7 | 19.5 | 1.3 | 7.4 |
| Chronic lung disease | 14.0 | 16.0 | 6.9 | 13.4 | 21.2 | 12.5 | 13.7 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 25.4 | 21.4 | 23.5 | 28.2 | 30.8 | 25.4 | 19.6 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 11.9 | 13.6 | 12.2 | 21.2 | 11.0 | 8.5 | 1.5 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 13.0 | 11.4 | 12.1 | 15.1 | 17.9 | 7.9 | 13.1 |
| Stroke | 5.6 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 6.8 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 5.6 |
| Cancer | 14.5 | 19.9 | 13.9 | 14.0 | 10.2 | 14.9 | 16.6 |
| Osteoporosis | 17.1 | 10.7 | 20.4 | 19.5 | 22.8 | 9.0 | 19.6 |
| Comorbidity (≥3 diseases) | 25.2 | 17.9 | 34.6 | 27.6 | 35.4 | 12.8 | 20.0 |
| Clinical hand osteoarthritis, (%) | 17.1 | 13.3 | 24.2 | 11.3 | 19.3 | 19.4 | 14.7 |
| AUSCAN subscale scores, median (IQR) | |||||||
| Physical functiona | 0.0 (0.0-11.1) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-11.1) | 0.0 (0.0-13.9) | 0.0 (0.0-13.9) | 0.0 (0.0-13.9) | 0.0 (0.0-11.1) |
| Painb | 0.0 (0.0-5.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-10.0) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) | 0.0 (0.0-10.0) | 0.0 (0.0-10.0) | 0.0 (0.0-5.0) |
| Grip strengthc, median (IQR), kg | 25.5 (19.5-34.5) | 27.5 (20.0-36.5) | 27.0 (22.0-36.0) | 25.5 (20.5-37.0) | 21.5 (16.0-30.0) | 25.5 (20.5-35.0) | 24.5 (18.5-33.0) |
*
Number of subjects, age, and sex were unweighted data. Except were indicated otherwise, values are percent of subjects. EPOSA = European Project on OSteoArthritis; IQR = interquartile range; AUSCAN = AUStralian/CANadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index.
a
Possible hand physical function scores ranges from 0 to 100 (standardized x 100/36), with 0 indicating no limitations.
b
Possible hand pain scores ranges from 0 to 100 (standardized x 100/20), with 0 indicating no pain.
c
Lower values indicate worse function.