Figure 4.

Schematic of a liquid junction photo-electrochemical cell for a p-type semiconductor for the reduction of carbon dioxide to various products. A similar setup is used for n-type cells as well. The anode (1) is the photoactive material; (2) is the cathode; (3) a conducting electrolyte; (4) reference electrode; (5) potentiostat. The Fermi level of the semiconductor is denoted by E_f. Figure adapted from Reference [100].