Table 2. Comparison of biochemical variables in case subjects who developed GDM and those without GDM in the second trimester.
| Variable | GDM | No GDM | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 12) | (n = 138) | ||
| FBG (mmol/l) | 6.33 ± 1.03 | 4.27 ± 0.90 | <0.0001 |
| HB (mg/dl) | 9.23 ± 2.83 | 10.37 ± 1.70 | 0.035 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.62 ± 2.92 | 4.62 ± 1.33 | 0.029 |
| Glycemic control | 0.007 | ||
| ≤ 7% (Good) | 10 (83.3) | 135 (97.8) | |
| > 7% (Poor) | 2 (16.7) | 3 (2.2) | |
| Blood Pressure (mmHg) | |||
| SBP | 115.00 ± 4.99 | 114.90 ± 6.17 | 0.955 |
| DBP | 82.42 ± 7.45 | 82.68 ± 7.88 | 0.913 |
| BMI n (Kg/m2) | 21.8 ± 2.85 | 23.41 ± 3.42 | 0.116 |
| BMI n (%) | 0.118 | ||
| Underweight | 1 (8.3) | 1 (0.7) | |
| Normal | 6 (50.0) | 91 (65.9) | |
| Overweight | 5 (41.7) | 43 (31.2) | |
| Obese | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.2) | |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.09 ± 0.81 | 4.96 ± 1.40 | 0.751 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.53 ± 0.11 | 1.31 ± 0.77 | 0.363 |
| β-HCG | 5000.0 ± 0.00 | 4869.65 ± 576.70 | 0.436 |
| Insulin (0μIU/mL) | 17.17 ± 11.38 | 14.30 ± 7.37 | 0.221 |
| IR (μIU/mL) | 3.50 ± 2.75 | 2.68 ± 1.64 | 0.120 |
| leptin (ng mL-1) | 36.5 ± 9.2 | 19.8 ± 9.0 | <0.0001 |
| P4 (ng/ml) | 72.76 ± 11.54 | 59.43 ± 22.30 | 0.043 |
| E2 (pmol/L) | 4502.01 ± 1338.39 | 4228.02 ± 1615.44 | 0.569 |
| HPL (μg/ ml) | 66.45 ± 27.43 | 76.50 ± 23.02 | 0.155 |
p < 0 .05 was considered statistically significant
FBG; fasting blood glucose, HB; haemoglobin, HbA1c; glycated haemoglobin, SBP; systolic blood pressure, DBP; diastolic blood pressure, BMI; body mass index, TC; total cholesterol, TG; triglyceride, β-HCG; beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, P4; Progesterone, E2; Estradiol, HPL; Human Placenta Lactogen