Table 1.

Clinical features of the study population according to the TCF7L2 rs7903146 genotype

	Caucasians				African Americans				Hispanics
	CC	CT	TT	P value	CC	CT	TT	P value	CC	CT	TT	P value
N	174	187	42		140	107	24		141	119	21
Age (years)	14.2 ± 3.9	13.6 ± 3.3	13.2 ± 2.9	0.118	13.3 ± 3.4	13.3 ± 3.2	14.3 ± 4.3	0.367	12.3 ± 3.1	13.1 ± 3.1	11.8 ± 3.1	0.186
Sex (male/female), %	32/68	44/55	43/57	0.041	42/58	38/62	38/62	0.800	48/52	39/61	62/38	0.085
BMI z score	2.0 ± 0.81	2.2 ± 0.58	2.1 ± 0.64	0.055	2.3 ± 0.51	2.2 ± 0.71	2.1 ± 0.55	0.297	2.1 ± 0.76	2.2 ± 0.65	1.9 ± 1.4	0.374
Tanner 1/2–3/4–5, %	7/25/68	5/37/58	12/26/62	0.061	13/36/51	7/43/50	4/33/63	0.308	11/45/44	8/38/54	14/48/38	0.429
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	90.2 ± 8.3	91.2 ± 8.3	93.9 ± 10.3	0.036	91.5 ± 8.6	92.1 ± 8.6	93.3 ± 7.1	0.466	91.6 ± 7.7	92.7 ± 8.6	96.6 ± 12.0	0.082
2-h glucose (mg/dL)	118.4 ± 26.3	123.2 ± 27.4	137.1 ± 34.9	0.006	117.7 ± 28.5	129.5 ± 31.5	122.0 ± 26.4	0.009	117.8 ± 20.7	124.3 ± 24.4	129.0 ± 31.0	0.072
HbA1c (%)	5.4 ± 0.30	5.4 ± 0.30	5.5 ± 0.34	0.057	5.5 ± 0.35	5.6 ± 0.37	5.7 ± 0.45	0.094	5.5 ± 0.27	5.5 ± 0.36	5.5 ± 0.37	0.990
HbA1c (mmol/mol)	36 ± 2.3	36 ± 2.3	37 ± 2.39	0.057	37 ± 2.4	38 ± 2.4	39 ± 2.9	0.094	37 ± 1.98	37 ± 2.3	37 ± 2.4	0.990
Insulin (μU/mL)	30.3 ± 17.2	34.2 ± 19.7	33.2 ± 15.8	0.225	34.5 ± 18.2	37.4 ± 29.4	34.4 ± 13.7	0.320	30.3 ± 17.2	35.7 ± 18.0	42.7 ± 32.0	0.038
WBISI (I2/mg/μU)	2.1 ± 1.3	1.9 ± 1.1	1.8 ± 1.2	0.267	1.8 ± 1.2	2.0 ± 1.6	1.6 ± 0.61	0.322	2.0 ± 1.1	1.6 ± 0.94	2.1 ± 1.7	0.062
IGI (μU/mg)	4.2 ± 4.0	4.2 ± 3.3	3.8 ± 3.4	0.769	6.2 ± 4.8	6.6 ± 9.7	6.4 ± 5.0	0.072	4.6 ± 3.8	4.6 ± 3.0	3.7 ± 3.5	0.266
DI (I2/mg2)	6.9 ± 6.8	6.0 ± 4.3	5.5 ± 3.0	0.090	9.2 ± 5.7	7.9 ± 7.8	8.6 ± 6.0	0.010	7.6 ± 5.9	6.6 ± 4.7	6.0 ± 5.9	0.051
OMM
N	138	127	25		89	71	16		110	73	15
Φb (10−9 min−1)	14.7 ± 6.3	14.9 ± 6.1	13.3 ± 7.2	0.490	13.8 ± 5.5	12.6 ± 6.7	12.2 ± 5.5	0.347	13.7 ± 4.5	15.7 ± 6.5	12.1 ± 6.0	0.839
Φd (10−9 min−1)	1,395.9 ± 765.6	1,431.5 ± 929.7	1,386.7 ± 996.2	0.880	1,963.7 ± 1,064.0	1,788.8 ± 1,270.1	1,431.6 ± 926.5	0.127	1,649.0 ± 1,007.9	1,679.4 ± 907.9	1,209.2 ± 525.6	0.626
Φs (10−9 min−1)	81.6 ± 49.8	76.4 ± 43.0	52.2 ± 23.0	0.010	87.4 ± 63.2	62.0 ± 36.3	75.1 ± 33.2	0.039	85.7 ± 62.7	78.2 ± 34.3	50.8 ± 19.8	0.858
Φtotal (10−9 min−1)	96.4 ± 55.0	97.1 ± 54.7	64.2 ± 27.8	0.003	111.347 ± 66.2	80.2 ± 40.8	88.1 ± 44.0	0.002	106.8 ± 70.9	92.8 ± 42.5	66.8 ± 26.2	0.035
SI (10−5 dL · kg −1 · min−1/pmol · L−1)	26.1 ± 23.4	25.0 ± 20.2	30.6 ± 27.7	0.841	24.9 ± 18.4	26.9 ± 21.8	20.4 ± 15.1	0.742	27.1 ± 18.5	17.0 ± 12.1	24.3 ± 15.0	0.003

Data are mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated.

IGI, insulinogenic index; WBISI, whole-body insulin sensitivity index.