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. 2017 May 18;8(26):43201–43217. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.17970

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Copyright: © 2017 Liao et al.

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.

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(A) MLKL aggregates to punctate structure in the cytoplasm during NDV infection. HeLa cells were mock-infected or NDV-infected for 16 h. The subcellular distribution of phosphor-MLKL or total MLKL (green), and NP (red) were examined with immunostaining. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Merged images illustrate p-MLKL/NP/DAPI or MLKL/NP/DAPI fluorescence. (B) MLKL moves to plasma membrane by treatment of necroptosis stimulators (T+Z+A). HeLa cells were treated with necroptosis stimulators TNF-α, Z-VAD-FMK, and AT406 (T+Z+A) for 10 h. The subcellular distribution of phosphor-MLKL or MLKL (green), and RIP3 (red) were examined with immunostaining. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Merged images illustrate MLKL/RIP3/DAPI fluorescence. (C) MLKL is co-localized with SGs hallmark G3BP1 during NDV infection. HeLa cells were mock-infected or NDV-infected for 16 h. The subcellular distribution of phosphor-MLKL or MLKL (green), and G3BP1 (red) were examined with immunostaining. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Merged images illustrate MLKL/G3BP1/DAPI fluorescence.

(A) MLKL aggregates to punctate structure in the cytoplasm during NDV infection. HeLa cells were mock-infected or NDV-infected for 16 h. The subcellular distribution of phosphor-MLKL or total MLKL (green), and NP (red) were examined with immunostaining. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Merged images illustrate p-MLKL/NP/DAPI or MLKL/NP/DAPI fluorescence. (B) MLKL moves to plasma membrane by treatment of necroptosis stimulators (T+Z+A). HeLa cells were treated with necroptosis stimulators TNF-α, Z-VAD-FMK, and AT406 (T+Z+A) for 10 h. The subcellular distribution of phosphor-MLKL or MLKL (green), and RIP3 (red) were examined with immunostaining. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Merged images illustrate MLKL/RIP3/DAPI fluorescence. (C) MLKL is co-localized with SGs hallmark G3BP1 during NDV infection. HeLa cells were mock-infected or NDV-infected for 16 h. The subcellular distribution of phosphor-MLKL or MLKL (green), and G3BP1 (red) were examined with immunostaining. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Merged images illustrate MLKL/G3BP1/DAPI fluorescence.