Table 2.
Cumulative incidence risks and hazard ratios of dementia in heart failure patients and members of the general population cohort
| Comparison Cohort | Heart Failure Patients | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| Years since diagnosis | Events /No. at risk | Cumulative incidence risk, % (95% CI) | Events /No. at risk | Cumulative incidence risk, % (95% CI) | Standardized incidence ratio (95% CI) | Hazard ratio controlled for matching factors* (95% CI) | Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)† |
| All-cause dementia | |||||||
| 1–10 | 92,228/1,492,102 | 7.18 (7.13 – 7.22) | 9,808/198,038 | 5.39 (5.29 – 5.49) | 1.13 (1.10–1.15) | 1.28 (1.25–1.31) | 1.21 (1.18–1.24) |
| 11–20 | 37,332/511,213 | 9.82 (9.72 – 9.92) | 1,534/29,655 | 6.96 (6.62 – 7.31) | 1.13 (1.07–1.18) | 1.26 (1.17–1.35) | 1.19 (1.11–1.28) |
| 21–35 | 7,497/99,527 | 13.42 (13.00 – 13.86) | 142/2,906 | 7.60 (6.27 – 9.09) | 1.20 (1.01–1.41) | 1.47 (1.14–1.88) | 1.38 (1.07–1.79) |
| 1–35 | 137,057/1,492,102 | 14.95 (14.84 – 15.06) | 11,484/198,038 | 7.22 (7.08 – 7.36) | 1.13 (1.11–1.15) | 1.28 (1.25–1.30) | 1.21 (1.18–1.24) |
| Alzheimer’s disease | |||||||
| 1–10 | 34,454/1,492,102 | 2.67 (2.65 – 2.70) | 2,921/198,038 | 1.59 (1.54 – 1.65) | 0.90 (0.87–0.93) | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) | 1.02 (0.97–1.06) |
| 11–20 | 11,170/511,213 | 2.95 (2.89 – 3.00) | 356/29,655 | 1.62 (1.45 – 1.80) | 0.82 (0.74–0.91) | 0.79 (0.69–0.90) | 0.80 (0.70–0.92) |
| 21–35 | 2,469/99,527 | 4.62 (4.37 – 4.88) | 42/2,906 | 2.61 (1.74 – 3.75) | 1.02 (0.74–1.38) | 1.37 (0.88–2.12) | 1.31 (0.83–2.07) |
| 1–35 | 48,093/1,492,102 | 5.18 (5.11 – 5.25) | 3,319/198,038 | 2.07 (1.98 – 2.15) | 0.89 (0.86–0.92) | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) |
| Vascular dementia | |||||||
| 1–10 | 11,168/1,492,102 | 0.87 (0.86 – 0.89) | 1,546/198,038 | 0.85 (0.81 – 0.90) | 1.43 (1.36–1.50) | 1.66 (1.56–1.77) | 1.47 (1.38–1.57) |
| 11–20 | 4,710/511,213 | 1.25 (1.22 – 1.29) | 248/29,655 | 1.12 (0.98 – 1.27) | 1.44 (1.26–1.63) | 1.84 (1.54–2.20) | 1.59 (1.32–1.93) |
| 21–35 | 922/99,527 | 1.71 (1.56 – 1.87) | 30/2,906 | 1.53 (1.03 – 2.21) | 2.04 (1.37–2.91) | 2.64 (1.44–4.85) | 2.29 (1.18–4.45) |
| 1–35 | 16,800/1,492,102 | 1.90 (1.85 – 1.94) | 1,824/198,038 | 1.17 (1.11 – 1.23) | 1.44 (1.37–1.50) | 1.69 (1.59–1.79) | 1.49 (1.40–1.59) |
| Other dementias | |||||||
| 1–10 | 46,606/1,492,102 | 3.67 (3.63 – 3.70) | 5,341/198,038 | 2.96 (2.88 – 3.03) | 1.22 (1.19–1.25) | 1.38 (1.33–1.43) | 1.29 (1.25–1.34) |
| 11–20 | 21,452/511,213 | 5.71 (5.63 – 5.79) | 930/29,655 | 4.26 (3.99 – 4.54) | 1.23 (1.15–1.31) | 1.46 (1.33–1.60) | 1.37 (1.24–1.51) |
| 21–35 | 4,106/99,527 | 7.37 (7.03 – 7.72) | 70/2,906 | 3.52 (2.71 – 4.49) | 1.11 (0.87–1.41) | 1.26 (0.89–1.79) | 1.18 (0.82–1.70) |
| 1–35 | 72,164/1,492,102 | 8.17 (8.08 – 8.26) | 6,341/198,038 | 4.03 (3.92 – 4.14) | 1.22 (1.19–1.25) | 1.39 (1.35–1.43) | 1.30 (1.26–1.34) |
CI, confidence interval
*
Age, sex, and calendar year
†
Controlled for matching factors by study design and adjusted for stroke, atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, myocardial infarction, stable angina pectoris, valvular heart disease, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, myxedema, alcoholism-related disease, head trauma, osteoarthritis, anemia, chronic kidney disease, and a modified CCI score.