Table 5. Approval status and clinical development of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
| Agent | Characteristics | Clinical studies leading to drug approval and current status of clinical development relative to histological tumor type | FDA Approval | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-PD-L1 agents | ||||
| BMS-936559 | A fully human anti-PD-L1 IgG4 mAb | NSCLC, RCC, CRC, melanoma | Under evaluation in phase I clinical trials | Pending |
| Atezolizumab (MPDL3280A) |
Human anti-PD-L1 IgG1 mAb | Bladder cancer, NSCLC | Under evaluation in phase III clinical trials | Pending |
| RCC | Under evaluation in phase II clinical trials | Pending | ||
| CRC | Under evaluation in phase IIb clinical trials | Pending | ||
| Melanoma | Under evaluation in phase I/II clinical trials | Pending | ||
| Various cancer types | Under evaluation in phase I clinical trials | Pending | ||
| Durvalumab (MEDI4736) |
Fully human anti-PD-L1 IgG1k mAb | NSCLC, SCCHN, CRC | Under evaluation in phase III clinical trials | Pending |
| Various cancer types | Under evaluation in phase I clinical trials | Pending | ||
| Avelumab (MSB0019718C) |
Fully human anti-PD-L1 IgG1 mAb | RCC, NSCLC | Under evaluation in phase III clinical trials | Pending |
| Bladder, gastric and ovarian cancer, HNC, mesothelioma | Under evaluation in phase II clinical trials | Pending | ||
3-BC, triple negative breast cancer; CDDP, cisplatin; CI, confidential interval; CRC, colorectal cancer; CT, chemotherapy; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; GEJ, gastroesophageal junction; HL, Hodgkin lymphoma; HNC, head and neck cancer; HR, hazard ratio; ICC, investigator's choice of chemotherapy; mAb, monoclonal antibody; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; PD-1, programmed death 1; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1; ORR, overall response rate; PFS, progression-free survival; RCC, renal cell carcinoma; SCCHN, squamous cell cancer of head and neck; OS, overall survival; RFS, relapse-free survival; vs, versus.