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. 2017 Jul 21;7:6104. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06313-w

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Y-tube olfactometer bioassay apparatus. A sand fly was introduced into the stem of the olfactometer using the release port shown in detail in (2a), and given time to respond to odours which had been introduced through the pierced hole onto the filter paper. Airflow was adjusted to 5 ml sec⁻¹. After every ten replicates within a bioassay the Y-tube was rotated 180° around the horizontal.