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. 2017 Jul 21;7:6163. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06369-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Responses of direct cell contact model after cytokine IL-1β stimulation. (A–C) Gene expression of the coculture system after the addition of IL-1β. (A) Inflammatory genes; (B) conjunctival epithelial specific genes; (C) lacrimal gland specific genes. (D) The change of epithelial thickness and morphology (H&E staining) after IL-1β exposure. Scale bar 100 μm. (E) MUC5AC staining of the airlifted CECs under various conditions (top view). Scale bar 200 μm. (F) Mucin layer secreted by airlifted CECs imaged by confocal z-scanning. The thickness values were measured using ImageJ. Scale bar 100 μm. (H) β-hexosaminidase assay (supernatant of LG cell spheroids culture; measured by fluorescent intensity). Dexamethasone: dexamethasone, used as a treatment to inflammatory caused by IL-1β. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.001. Significance indicates comparison with the control group if not stated otherwise.