Table 3.
Race-stratified hierarchical logistic regression models of SGAa births and tract-level and individual-level predictors (N=173 tracts, N=8082)
| Blacksb (N=5792) | Whitesb (N=2290) | |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Individual-level variables | ||
| Age (years) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.03) | 1.06 (1.02, 1.10) * |
| Education | 1.02 (0.90, 1.16) | 1.11 (0.91, 1.35) |
| Medicaid (no=ref) | 0.96 (0.65, 1.43) | 0.58 (0.27, 1.28) |
| Total cigarettes smoked during pregnancy | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) * | 1.04 (1.02, 1.06) * |
| Number of previous live births | 0.87 (0.78, 0.97) * | 0.63 (0.49, 0.80) * |
| Tract-level variables | ||
| Domestic violence rate | 1.03 (1.00, 1.07) * | 1.06 (0.97, 1.16) |
| Random effects | ||
| Variance between neighborhoods | 0.01 | 0.03 |
| Variance between individuals | 3.29 | 3.29 |
| Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)c | 0.37% | 1.41% |
| Median odds ratio (MOR)d | 1.1 | 1.2 |
| −2 Res Log Likelihood | 27576.8 | 40125.7 |
Note. p-value (two-sided):
*
p<0.05.
a
SGA, Small for Gestational Age.
b
Models adjusted for propensity score calculated on living in a high violent crime area.
c
ICC, intraclass correlation coefficient calculated using the formula of Snijders and Boskers.32
d
Because of limitations of the ICC for non-linear outcomes, the median odds ratio (MOR) was calculated.33