Table 1: Independent Risk Factors, in Addition to the Presence of Atrial Fibrillation, Associated with the Development of Stroke in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
| Citation | Risk factor | Outcome | Strength of risk [95 % CI] | Cohort size | AF cases | CVA/TE | Follow-up (years) |
| Olivotto et al.[16] | Age at development of AF <50 years | Stroke | HR 3.6 (95 % CI not given) | 480 | 107 | 23 | 12.6 ± 7.7 |
| Maron et al.[30] | Age >100 years as initial evaluation NYHA class III or IV at initial evaluation | Thromboembolism* | RR 8.2 [3.9–21.6] RR 2.4 [1.2–5.0] | 900 | 192 | 51 | 4.9 ± 4.3 5.9 ± 5.7 |
| Benchimol Barbosa et al.[62] | CHADS2>1 LV outflow tract gradient >100 mmHg |
Embolic stroke | OR 7.7 [2.7–22.3] OR 5.5 [1.8–16.4] | 172 | 40 | 17 | 12.3 |
| Guttmann et al.[58] | Prior thromboembolic event NYHA class III or IV Increasing age (per 1 year) LA diameter (per 1 mm increase) Maximum wall thickness (per 1 mm increase) |
Thromboembolism* | HR 3.63 [1.81–7.29] HR 2.07 [1.35–3.17] HR 1.03 [1.02–1.04] HR 1.03 [1.01–1.05] HR 1.45 [1.12–1.88] |
4,817 | 600 | 172 | 6.0 (IQR 3.0–9.7) |
| Tian et al.[17] | LA diameter (per 1 mm increase) | Stroke-related death | HR 1.10 [1.00–1.20] | 654 | 112 | 9 | 4.2 ± 2.8 |
| Haruki et al.[54] | LA diameter >100 mm Age at HCM diagnosis (per 1 year increase) |
Thromboembolism* | HR 2.74 [1.20–6.23] HR 1.03 [1.01–1.06] | 431 | 0f | 39 | 10.7 ± 7.5 |
*Composite marker of CVA, transient ischaemic attack and peripheral TE. †Sub-group analysis in patients without documented AF. CVA = cerebrovascular accident; HR = hazard ratio; LA = left atrial; LV = left ventricular; OR = odds ratio; RR = relative reduction; TE = thromboembolism.