Table 1.
Potential Covariates
| Patient Factors | Operative Factors | Postoperative Factors in the Month After Surgery* |
|---|---|---|
| Demographics | Type of facility where procedure was performed | Anemia |
| Age | Urinary tract infection or pneumonia | |
| Sex | ||
| Comorbidities/medications | Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction-specific factors | |
| Alcohol abuse | Chronic patellar tendonitis | |
| Anticoagulants | Hamstring injury | |
| Blood loss anemia | Laxity of ligament | |
| Cancer† | ||
| Coagulopathy | Cholecystectomy-specific factors | |
| Congestive heart failure | Acute cholecystitis or obstruction stratified by surgical approach (open, laparoscopic, conversion to open) | |
| Deficiency anemia | Bile duct exploration | |
| Depression | Chronic cholecystitis | |
| Diabetes ± medications | Cholangiography | |
| DMARD/biologic drugs | Choledocholithiasis | |
| Drug abuse | Cholelithiasis | |
| Hypertension ± medications | Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography | |
| Liver disease | Other bile duct procedures | |
| Loop diuretics | ||
| Malnutrition/weight loss | Hernia repair-specific factors | |
| Obesity | Anatomic site of repair (inguinal/femoral, umbilical, incisional/ventral) | |
| Oral steroids | Laparoscopic versus open approach | |
| Peripheral vascular disease | Obstruction or necrosis | |
| Psychoses | Revision surgery | |
| Renal failure | ||
| Skin diseases | Breast-conserving surgery-specific factors | |
| Smoking ± medications | Axillary lymph node dissection | |
| Smoking related diseases | Brachytherapy catheter placement | |
| Staphylococcus aureus infection | Needle localization | |
| Urinary tract infection or pneumonia | Number of re-excisions within 90 days | |
| Sentinel lymph node dissection | ||
| Breast-conserving surgery-specific | ||
| Cancer stage | ||
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | ||
| Previous axillary lymph node dissection | ||
| Previous breast cancer | ||
| Previous sentinel node dissection |
*
Also must have been coded before a surgical site infection, if applicable.
†
For breast-conserving surgery, does not include breast cancer.
DMARD indicates disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.