TABLE 2.

Scale items; Cronbach’s alpha values; means, standard deviations and interquartile ranges; item-total correlations; alpha values if item deleted; intraclass correlations; and correlations with overdose criterion validators (N = 220)

Subscale	Cronbach’ s Alpha	Mean (standar d deviation )	Interquartil e range			ICC ¹	Correlatio n with Criterion validators²
Item³		Mean (standard deviation )	Interquartil e range	Item-total correlatio n	Alpha if item delete d
A. Adherence to Opioid Dosage and Therapeutic Purposes⁴	0.88	5.1 (7.3)	0.0, 6.5			0.85	0.43, 0.38
1. Did you take more of your prescribed opioid pain medicine than you were directed to take at one time?²		4.8 (7.9)	0.0, 5.0	0.65	0.87
3. Did you take opioid pain medicine not just to reduce pain, but for enjoyment or to get high?		4.1 (7.7)	0.0, 5.0	0.76	0.83
4. Did you take opioid pain medicine not just to reduce your pain, but to help you sleep?		6.0 (9.2)	0.0, 8.0	0.76	0.83
5. Did you take opioid pain medicine not just to reduce your pain, but to help you deal with anxiety, nervousness, sadness or a bad mood?		5.5 (9.3)	0.0, 6.0	0.78	0.82
B. Alternative Methods of Opioid Administration ⁴	0.73	1.0 (4.4)	0.0, 0.0			0.47	0.54, 0.66
1. Did you sniff (snort or nasally inhale) opioid pain medicine?		1.4 (4.9)	0.0, 0.0	0.54	0.67
2. Did you crush and smoke opioid pain medicine?		0.6 (3.5)	0.0, 0.0	0.69	0.53
3. Did you use a syringe to inject your prescribed opioid pain medicine?		0.9 (4.5)	0.0, 0.0	0.47	0.73
C. Solitary Opioid Use⁴	0.68	4.5 (7.6)	0.0, 5.0			0.85	0.53, 0.39
1. Were you alone, with no other people present, while you used more of your prescribed pain medicine than advised?		5.7 (9.1)	0.0, 10.0	0.53	-.-
2. Were you alone, with no other people present, while you used heroin?		2.7 (7.1)	0.0, 0.0	0.53	-.-
D. Use of Non- prescribed OD⁵- Associated Drugs	0.61	2.2 (3.5)	0.0, 2.5			0.84	0.47, 0.22
1. Did you take opioid pain medicine that you got from some source other than your own doctor’s prescription?		5.8 (8.6)	0.0, 9.8	0.33	0.59
2. Did you use heroin?		3.4 (7.8)	0.0, 1.0	0.56	0.49
3. Did you use methadone, either in pill or liquid form, from a clinic or any other source? (Only if not in methadone treatment)		0.4 (2.3)	0.0, 0.0	0.33	0.59
4. Did you inject any opioids at all (heroin, crushed pills, etc.)?		2.2 (7.2)	0.0, 0.0	0.55	0.46
5. Did you use anti-anxiety drugs (these are often referred to as benzodiazepine s or benzos)?		0.8 (4.0)	0.0, 0.0	0.27	0.59
6. Did you use sleep medication?		0.4 (3.0)	0.0, 0.0	0.25	0.60
E. Concurrent Use of Prescription Opioids, Other Psychoactive Drugs and Alcohol	0.77	2.4 (3.7)	0.0, 3.3			0.90	0.49, 0.38
1. Did you use heroin and any opioid pain medicine on the same day?		1.5 (5.2)	0.0, 0.0	0.21	0.78
2. Did you use methadone and any opioid pain medicine on the same day?		1.1 (4.7)	0.0, 0.0	0.18	0.78
3. Did you use buprenorphine and any opioid pain medicine on the same day?		0.3 (2.5)	0.0, 0.0	0.32	0.77
4. Did you use anti-anxiety drugs and any opioid pain medicine on the same day?		4.1 (8.7)	0.0, 2.0	0.51	0.73
5. Did you use sleep medication and any opioid pain medicine on the same day?		3.2 (7.7)	0.0, 0.0	0.50	0.74
6. Did you use alcohol and any opioid pain medicine on the same day?		5.0 (8.1)	0.0, 7.8	0.52	0.74
7. Did you use alcohol, use any opioids at all, and use anti-anxiety drugs on the same day?		2.2 (5.7)	0.0, 0.0	0.66	0.72
8. Did you drink alcohol, use any opioids at all, and use sleep medication on the same day?		2.1 (5.8)	0.0, 0.0	0.63	0.72
9. Did you use cocaine, crack, amphetamine, crystal meth or any other stimulant to try to reverse the effects of opioids?		1.9 (5.6)	0.0, 0.0	0.55	0.74
ORBS Mean (of all subscales)	0.84	2.6 (3.7)	0.4, 3.4			0.99	0.56, 0.44
4. Did you use anti-anxiety drugs and any opioid pain medicine on the same day?		4.1 (8.7)	0.0, 2.0	0.51	0.73
5. Did you use sleep medication and any opioid pain medicine on the same day?		3.2 (7.7)	0.0, 0.0	0.50	0.74
6. Did you use alcohol and any opioid pain medicine on the same day?		5.0 (8.1)	0.0, 7.8	0.52	0.74
7. Did you use alcohol, use any opioids at all, and use anti-anxiety drugs on the same day?		2.2 (5.7)	0.0, 0.0	0.66	0.72
8. Did you drink alcohol, use any opioids at all, and use sleep medication on the same day?		2.1 (5.8)	0.0, 0.0	0.63	0.72
9. Did you use cocaine, crack, amphetamine, crystal meth or any other stimulant to try to reverse the effects of opioids?		1.9 (5.6)	0.0, 0.0	0.55	0.74
ORBS Mean (of all subscales)	0.84	2.6 (3.7)	0.4, 3.4			0.99	0.56, 0.44

ICC = Intraclass correlations, which were performed on the test-retest subset (N = 34)

Criterion validators were: Loss of consciousness, Calling for medical assistance, respectively (all correlations were significant at the p < 0.01 level)

All items were asked with the following preface: “In the past 30 days…” and added parenthetically “enter the number of days, 0 to 30;”

⁴

These subscales were assessed for participants who reported having a current opioid analgesic prescription

⁵

OD = overdose.