Table 4.
Association between coping style and other diabetes-related parameters
| Parameter | Problem | Emotion | Social support | Avoidance | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)a | 60 (14) | 62 (12) | 57 (27) | 57 (19) | 0.274 |
| Diabetes duration (years)a | 12 (10) | 12 (7) | 9 (9) | 13 (10) | 0.168 |
| BMI (kg/m2)b | 31.4±4.9 | 32.9±6.1 | 30.4±4.3 | 32.8±3.7 | 0.178 |
| SBP (mmHg)b | 136.7±15.6 | 138.1±18.7 | 131.1±13.7 | 134.2±19.9 | 0.327 |
| DBP (mmHg)b | 81.0±12.7 | 86.5±9.6 | 76.9±8 | 79.2±7.9 | 0.044* |
| eGFR (mL/min)b | 67.1±14.4 | 68.5±14.2 | 65.1±21.2 | 71.8±20.6 | 0.672 |
| MNSI scorea | 11.5 (4) | 6.5 (7) | 10 (6) | 8.5 (9) | 0.034* |
| PHQ-9 scorea | 11 (9) | 11 (11) | 12 (5) | 11 (9) | 0.786 |
| GAD-7 scorea | 12 (6) | 8 (10) | 9 (9) | 9 (11) | 0.032* |
| Dyslipidemia (%)c | 37 (82.2) | 19 (51.4) | 21 (65.6) | 6 (50) | 0.017* |
| Optimal glycemic control reached (%)c | 9 (20) | 11 (29.7) | 0 | 3 (25) | 0.012* |
Notes:
*
α<0.05.
a
Numeric variables without Gaussian distribution. Results presented as median and interquartile range. P-values calculated using Kruskal–Wallis test.
b
Numeric variables with Gaussian distribution. Results presented as mean ± standard deviation. P-values calculated using analysis of variance.
c
Dichotomous variables. Results presented as n (%). P-values calculated using χ2 test.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic BP; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MNSI, Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument; PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire; GAD, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (questionnaire).