Figure 3.

Changes in performance. Assessment of changes in peak power output (Wpeak) and peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak) in absolute and relative values (LM, lean mass) during two-legged pedaling (A–D), one-arm cranking with the control arm (E–H), and one-arm cranking with the trained arm (I–L). PRE, baseline tests; CRE, caloric restriction (13.4 kJ/day) and exercise (45 min arm cranking and 8 h walking per day) for 4 days; CD, 3 days on a diet isoenergetic with that consumed during the PRE phase + reduced exercise. The vertical bars represent the mean values and the error bars the standard error of the mean. Sucrose (n = 7) and whey protein group (n = 8). ^*P < 0.05 compared to PRE; ^†P < 0.05 compared to CRE; ^$P < 0.05 sucrose compared to whey protein; ^aP < 0.05 compared to CRE (time main effect); ^bP < 0.05 compared to CD (time main effect).