Table 1.
Summary of published literature of inflammatory bowel disease patients who developed pneumocystis pneumonia (n = 92).
| Reference | No of patients | Disease subtype | Gender | Age (years) | Medication at time of PJP | Single (S), dual (D), triple (TR), quadruple (Q) immunosuppression | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Khatchatourian and Seaton (30) | 1 | UC | M | 68 | CS + T | D | Died |
| Lee et al. (35) | 1 | UC | M | 21 | CS + T | D | Survived |
| Takenaka et al. (36) | 3 | UC (100%) | F (67%) | 26–68 | CS + T (67%), CS (33%) | S (33%) | Survived (100%) |
| D (67%) | |||||||
| Bernstein et al. (29) | 2 | UC (100%) | M (100%) | 32–73 | CS (100%) | S (100%) | Died (50%) |
| Escher et al. (32) | 2 | UC (100%) | M (100%) | 72–74 | CS + Tac, CS + Tac + T | D (50%) | Died (100%) |
| TR (50%) | |||||||
| Art et al. (37)a | 3 | UC (100%) | M | 32 | CS + CSA + T (100%) | TR (100%) | Died (33%) |
| Quan et al. (38) | 1 | UC | M | 63 | CS + CSA | D | Died |
| Scott et al. (31) | 1 | UC | M | 43 | CS + CSA | D | Survived |
| Smith and Hanauer (39) | 1 | UC | M | 32 | CS + CSA | D | Survived |
| Desales et al. (8) | 1 | CD | M | 36 | CS + T + anti-TNF | TR | Survived |
| Lawrance et al. (40) | 2 | CD (100%) | F (50%) | 18–32 | CS + T + anti-TNF, CS + MTX + MMF + anti-TNF | TR (50%) | Survived (100%) |
| Q (50%) | |||||||
| Cotter et al. (27) | 3 | UC (67%) | M (100%) | 63–78 | MTX + anti-TNF, CS + anti-TNF, T | S (33%) | Survived (100%) |
| D (67%) | |||||||
| Tschudy and Michail (28) | 1 | CD | M | 8 | Anti-TNF | S | Survived |
| Iwama et al. (41) | 1 | CD | M | 51 | Anti-TNF | S | Survived |
| Velayos and Sandborn (42) | 1 | CD | M | 19 | T + anti-TNF | D | Survived |
| Kaur and Mahl (43) | 1 | CD | M | 59 | CS + anti-TNF | D | Died |
| Stratakos et al. (44) | 1 | CD | F | 77 | CS + anti-TNF | D | Survived |
| Estrada et al. (45) | 1 | UC | M | 45 | CS + T + anti-TNF | TR | Survived |
| Sharma and Rao (46) | 1 | CD | F | 36 | CS + T + anti-TNF | TR | Survived |
| Seddik et al. (47) | 1 | CD | M | 29 | CS + T + anti-TNF | TR | Survived |
| Itaba et al. (48) | 1 | CD | F | 57 | CS + T + anti-TNF | TR | Survived |
| DeFilippis et al. (49) | 1 | CD | F | 56 | CS + MTX + anti-TNF | TR | Survived |
| Long et al. (26) | 38 | CD (55%) UC (40%) |
F (55%) | 43–57 IQR | CS: 11/38 | S: 12/38 (32%) | ND |
| T: 1/38 | D: 5/38 (13.2%) | ||||||
| T + CS: 5/38 | TR: 4/38 (10.5%) | ||||||
| CS + 2IM: 2/38 | |||||||
| ND (5%) | CS + IM + anti-TNF: 2/38 | ||||||
| Kaur and Mahl (33) | 16 | CD (88%) | ND | ND | Anti-TNF (100%) | ND | ND |
| Fillatre et al. (14) | 1 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Bienvenu et al. (7) | 4 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Roblot et al. (50) | 2 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
CS, corticosteroids; T, thiopurines (azathioprine/6-Mercaptopurine); Tac, tacrolimus; CSA, cyclosporine; anti-TNF, anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy (adalimumab or infliximab); MTX, methotrexate; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; IMs, immunomodulators (thiopurine, tacrolimus); ND, not documented; CD, Crohn’s disease; UC, ulcerative colitis; IQR, interquartile range.
aData on gender and age only available for the one patient who died.