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. 2017 Jul 24;8:1249. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01249

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Copyright © 2017 Oliveira, Moreira, Isaias, Martini and Rezende.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Fluorescence quenching analysis performed (means ± standard deviation) in non-galled tissues of Matayba guianensis (Sapindaceae) and in galls induced by Bystracoccus mataybae (Eriococcidae) using a modulated fluorescence imaging apparatus (Handy Fluorcam PSI – Photo Systems Instrument, Czech Republic). (A) Leaflet with a gall (doted circle). (B) Imaging of F₀ (minimum fluorescence of PSII in dark-adapted state). (C) Imaging of Fm (maximum fluorescence of PSII in dark-adapted state). (D) Imaging of (F’m–F’)/F’m (PSII operating efficiency). (E) Imaging of Fv/Fm (maximum PSII quantum yield in dark-adapted state). (F) Imaging of Rfd (instantaneous fluorescence decline ratio in light). GT, galled tissue; NGT, non-galled tissue, SD, standard deviation. Values followed by the different letters differ significantly by the Wilcoxon test.