Table II.
Changes in biomarkers related to atherogenic factors and β-cell function (N = 34).*
| Biomarker | Baseline | At 3 mo | P value (vs baseline) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Glycated hemoglobin | 0.0067 | ||
| % | 7.68 (1.08) | 7.17 (1.17) | |
| mmol/mol | 53 (26.4) | 44 (30.2) | |
| Apolipoprotein B-48, mg/mL | 5.81 (7.29) | 6.38 (7.88) | 0.5 |
| VLDL cholesterol level, mg/dL | 27.4 (8.8) | 25.6 (9.3) | 0.4 |
| LDL particle size, Å | 270 (4.7) | 268 (6.0) | 0.1 |
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 0.118 (0.78) | 0.095 (0.103) | 0.2 |
| Pentraxin-3 level, ng/mL | 1.88 (0.78) | 1.63 (0.63) | 0.0038 |
| Transforming growth factor-β, ng/mL | 2.39 (2.76) | 1.85 (1.32) | 0.3 |
| urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α, pg/mg creatinine | 331 (141) | 339 (171) | 0.7 |
| Homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance | 4.47 (4.66) | 7.64 (7.24) | 0.17 |
| Homoeostasis model assessment of β-cell function | 38.9 (26.1) | 82.9 (62.9) | 0.07 |
| Insulin level, pmol/L | 60.1 (49.9) | 59.3 (35.3) | 0.91 |
| Proinsulin level, pmol/L | 9.89 (5.79) | 8.37 (5.12) | 0.02 |
| Proinsulin/insulin ratio | 0.20 (0.14) | 0.17 (0.11) | 0.01 |
⁎
Data are presented as mean (SD).