Table III.

Pharmacokinetic model building: Effect of addition of covariates to the base model.

Model number and added covariates	Relationship(s)*	Posterior mean
		Deviance	${\sigma }^2$
0: Base model†	–	–1360	0.034
1: Age on $k_a$	$k_a=\theta \times {\left(age/29.4\right)}^{{\theta }_{AGE\left(k_a\right)}}$	–1401	0.034
2: 1 plus age on $V_d/F$	$k_a=\theta \times {\left(age/29.4\right)}^{{\theta }_{AGE\left(k_a\right)}}$	–1401	0.034
	$V_d/F=\theta \times {\left(age/29.4\right)}^{{\theta }_{AGE\left(V_d/F\right)}}$
3: 1 plus ALDH2 on $V_d/F$	$k_a=\theta \times {\left(age/29.4\right)}^{{\theta }_{age\left(k_a\right)}}$	–1412	0.031
	$V_d/F=\left(\theta +{\theta }_{ALDH2\left(V_d/F\right)}\times ALDH2\right)$
4: 1 plus ALDH2 on $k_a$	$k_a=\left(\theta +{\theta }_{ALDH2\left(k_a\right)}\times ALDH2\right)\times {\left(age/29.4\right)}^{{\theta }_{AGE\left(k_a\right)}}$	–1401	0.034
5: 3 plus age on $V_d/F$	$k_a=\theta \times {\left(age/29.4\right)}^{{\theta }_{AGE\left(k_a\right)}}$	–1424	0.028
	$V_d/F=\left(\theta +{\theta }_{ALDH2\left(V_d/F\right)}\times ALDH2\right)\times {\left(age/29.4\right)}^{{\theta }_{AGE\left(V_d/F\right)}}$
6: 5 plus ALDH2 on $k_a$	$k_a=\left(\theta +{\theta }_{ALDH2\left(k_a\right)}\times ALDH2\right)\times {\left(age/29.4\right)}^{{\theta }_{AGE\left(k_a\right)}}$	–1436	0.027
	$V_d/F=\left(\theta +{\theta }_{ALDH2\left(V_d/F\right)}\times ALDH2\right)\times {\left(age/29.4\right)}^{{\theta }_{AGE\left(V_d/F\right)}}$

$k_a$ = absorption rate constant; $V_d/F$ = apparent volume of distribution; ALDH2 = aldehyde dehydrogenase 2; $\theta$ = typical value ofg parameter in the base model; ${\sigma }^2$ = variance of residual error; ${\theta }_{AGE\left(k_a\right)}$ = scale factor for age on $k_a$; ${\theta }_{AGE\left(V_d/F\right)}$ = scale factor for age on $V_d/F$; ${\theta }_{ALDH2\left(V_d/F\right)}$ = change in $V_d/F$ for ALDH2; ${\theta }_{ALDH2\left(V_{max}\right)}$ = change in $V_{max}$ for ALDH2.

^⁎Only the different relationships compared to the base model are presented. The relationships between pharmacokinetic parameters and covariates in the base model are described in the Appendix. ALDH2 = 1 if ALDH2 genotype is *1/*2; ALDH2 = 0 if ALDH2 genotype is *1/*1.

^†The basic compartment model, random effects for pharmacokinetic parameters and the error model are described in Methods.