Table 1.
Summary of study characteristics of intermediate care units.
| Authors, country of origin | Name of unit | Number of HDU beds |
Location | Specialties | Format (O/C) |
Patients per nurse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Armstrong et al. (2003) [21], Armstrong et al. (2015) [5], the Netherlands | MCU | 9 | I | Su, M | C | 2.5 |
| Bannister et al. (2016) [22], UK | HDU | 2 | W | Su | O | 0.67 |
| Batra et al. (2001) [23], UK | HDU | 6 | S | Su | O | x |
| Bellomo et al. (2005) [24], Australia | HDU | 4 | A | Su, M | C | 2 |
| Betten et al. (2016) [25], Norway | HDU | x | x | x | x | x |
| Coggins and de Cossart (1996) [26], Coggins and Infirmary (1998) [27], UK | HDU | 6 | x | Su | O | 2 |
| Confalonieri et al. (2015) [28], Italy | IMCU | 15 | x | M | x | 4 |
| Crosby and Rees (1983) [29], Crosby et al. (1990) [30]. UK | HDU | 7 | x | Su, M | O | 2 |
| Daud-Gallotti et al. (2012) [31], Ranzani et al. (2014) [32], Brazil | IMCU | 11 | S | Su, M | C | 11 |
| Davies et al. (1999) [33], UK | HDU | 4 | x | Su | O | x |
| Dhond et al. (1998) [34], UK | HDU | 6 | A | Su, M | C | x |
| Eachempati et al. (2004) [35], USA | SDU | 4 | A | Su | C | 4 |
| Edbrooke (1996) [36], UK | HDU | 4 | A | Su | C | x |
| Fox et al. (1999) [37], UK | HDU | 4 | A | X | x | 2 |
| Fujii et al. (2016) [38], Japan | IMCU | 8 | I | Su | C | x |
| Ghosh et al. 2004 [39], UK | HDU | 6 | S | Su | O | 1.5 |
| Gould et al. (2010) [40], Australia | HDU | 8 | A | Su, M | C | 2 |
| Harding (2009) [41], USA | IMCU | 16 | S | Su, M | O | 3 |
| Helm and Newman (1992) [42], UK | HDU | 4 | x | Su | O | 2 |
| Hilton et al. (1993) [43], USA | SDU | 4 | S | Su | O | 2.5 |
| Hravnak et al. (2008) [44], Hravnak et al. (2011) [45], Yousef et al. (2012) [46], USA | SDU | 24 | x | Su | x | 6 |
| Innocenti et al. (2014) [47], Italy | HDU | x | x | ED | C | x |
| Jones et al. (1992) [48], Jones et al. (1999) [49], UK | HDU | 6 | S | Su | O | 2 |
| Kalayi et al. (2001) [50], UK | HDU | 4 | x | Su | x | x |
| Keegan et al. (2008) [51], USA | PCU | x | S | Su | O | 4 |
| LeVasseur and Calder (1995) [52], Australia | HDU | 4 | x | Su | x | x |
| Lucena et al. (2012) [8], Lucena et al. (2013) [53], Alegre et al. (2015) [54], Martinez-Urbistondo et al. (2015) [55], Spain | IMCU | 9 | A | Su, M | C | 3 |
| Nehra et al. (1994) [56], UK | HDU | 8 | I | Su | x | 2 |
| Pilling et al. (2004) [57], UK | HDU | x | x | Su | O | x |
| Pirret (2002) [58], New Zealand | HDU | 3 | I | Su | O | 3 |
| Potena et al. (2004) [59], Italy | IMCU | x | x | M | x | x |
| Richards et al. (2012) [60], USA | IMCU | x | S | Su | O | x |
| Robertson et al. (2011) [19], UK | HDU | 10 | S | Su, M | O | x |
| Robertson et al. (2011) [19] UKa | x | 10 | S | Su, M | C | x |
| Shum et al. (2013) [61], Canada | SDU | x | W | Su, M | O | 2 |
| Solberg et al. (2008) [62], Solberg et al. (2014) [63], the Netherlands | IMCU | 6 | A | Su, M | C | 3 |
| Torres et al. (2006) [64], Spain | IMCU | 20 | A | Su, M | x | x |
| Yoo et al. (2015) [20], USA | PCU | 10 | A | M | C | 3.5 |
| Yoo et al. (2015) [20], USAb | x | 15 | S | M | O | 3.5 |
aThis Intermediate Care Unit was described in the same article as the one before, after changing its management format. bThis Intermediate Care Unit was described in the same article as the one before, after changing its location and management format.
This table shows a summary of the characteristics of the included Intermediate Care Units.
MCU = Medium Care Unit; HDU = High Dependency Unit; IMCU = Intermediate Care Unit; PCU = Progressive Care Unit; SDU = step-down unit; I = integrated in ICU; W = part of ward; A = adjacent to ICU; S = separate; Su = surgical patients; M = medical patients; O = open; C = closed.