Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study group (N = 81) with distribution according to clinical diagnosis—median values and 1–3 quartiles.

	Control group	Sepsis group	ELGAN group	NEC group	Rotavirus group	AWD group
N	14	12	24	12	16	3
Gender (F/M)	6/8	2/10	8/16	8/4	5/11	2/1
Birth weight (g)	3260 (2850–3440)	3208 (2505–3465)	1120∗∗∗ (800–1400)	1955∗∗∗ (1100–2470)	3000 (2495–3690)	2250 (2100–2700)
Body weight (g)	3260 (2850–3400)	3208 (2505–3465)	1120∗∗∗ (800–1400)	1962∗∗∗ (1115–2585)	3302 (2790–3805)	2270 (2190–2610)
1'Apgar (pts)	9 (8–10)	9 (7–10)	5∗∗∗ (3–6)	6 (5–8)	10 (8–10)	6 (2–8)
5'Apgar (pts)	10 (9-10)	10 (7–10)	5∗∗∗ (4–7)	8 (7-8)	10 (9-10)	7 (7-8)
GA (wks)	39 (37–39)	38 (36–40)	28∗∗∗ (25–31)	33∗∗∗ (29–36)	38 (36–39)	37 (36–38)
DOL	5 (2–11)	10 (3–18)	2 (1–5)	7 (4–25)	24∗∗∗ (17–27)	3 (2–5)
MOD (SD/CS)	9/5	8/4	6/18	3/9	7/9	0/3
Zonulin (ng/ml)	3.5 (2.7–4.8)	3.5 (2.8–4.3)	3.8 (2.0–5.4)	8.6 (3.8–11.9)	36.0∗∗∗ (26.0–43.2)	20.3∗ (17.7–28.2)
NTISS (pts)	3 (2–5)	18∗∗∗ (13–26)	24∗∗∗ (21–26)	23∗∗∗ (18–25)	8 (7–9)	21∗∗ (19–23)
CRP (mg/dl)	0.2 (0.2–1.6)	52.1∗∗∗ (15.8–94.1)	3.1 (0.9–9.5)	22.8∗ (6.1–59.1)	0.7 (0.2–2.1)	47.5 (1.9–58.2)
PCT (ng/ml)	0.1 (0.1–0.2)	9.0∗∗ (2.2–14.2)	5.7∗ (2.7–10.6)	2.2 (0.7–12.0)	0.1 (0.1–0.3)	2.1 (0.9–3.3)
WBC (∗1000/μl)	11.7 (9.9–13.0)	10.8 (5.7–21.0)	16.6∗ (9.6–23.1)	13.3 (11.3–19.8)	10.8 (8.1–115)	10.3 (7.6–24.2)
PLT (∗1000/μl)	277 (185–322)	174 (86–258)	133∗∗ (92–187)	226 (166–359)	386∗∗ (310–484)	230 (213–263)

ELGAN: extremely low gestational age newborn; NEC: necrotizing enterocolitis; AWD: abdominal wall defect; N: number; F: female; M: male; g: grams; pts: points; GA: gestational age; wks: weeks; DOL: day of life; MOD: mode of delivery; SD: spontaneous delivery; CS: cesarean section. Statistical significance versus control group. ^∗p < 0.05; ^∗∗p < 0.01; ^∗∗∗p < 0.001.