Table 1.
Baseline Variables for the Different Subgroups
| Characteristics | All | ECV Normal, LVMI Low | ECV Normal, LVMI High | ECV Increased, LVMI Low | ECV Increased, LVMI High | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No., n | 77 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 17 | 0.95 |
| Age, y | 53 (26–60) | 48 (25–59) | 47 (24–60) | 54 (48–63) | 54 (31–60) | 0.65 |
| Female sex | 38 (49) | 10 (50) | 10 (50) | 9 (45) | 9 (53) | 0.99 |
| LVM, g | 102 (85–126) | 83 (80–90) | 139 (124–156) | 86 (75–95) | 117 (102–138) | <0.001 |
| LVMI, g/m2 | 55 (45–68) | 45 (43–46) | 75 (68–78) | 46 (42–50) | 64 (59–74) | <0.001 |
| ECV, % | 28.5±3.8 | 26.3±1.8 | 24.9±2.4 | 30.9±2.6 | 32.3±2.6 | <0.001 |
| EDV, mL | 149.0±37.0 | 136.2±28.6 | 164.6±34.4 | 137.2±39.3 | 159.6±38.9 | 0.02 |
| EDVI, mL/m2 | 79.3±17.1 | 72.6±14.3 | 86.2±12.7 | 71.7±18.0 | 87.9±17.5 | 0.001 |
| LVEF, % | 63 (57–67) | 64 (59–68) | 62 (57–67) | 63 (58–69) | 60 (52–66) | 0.52 |
| LVM/EDV2/3, g/mL2/3 | 3.9±0.9 | 3.3±0.5 | 4.8±0.8 | 3.4±0.5 | 4.2±0.7 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.2 (22.8–28.1) | 24.6 (22.7–27.7) | 25.3 (23.6–28.1) | 26.7 (24.8–28.2) | 24.1 (21.6–27.9) | 0.43 |
| Body fat, % | 30.1±7.2 | 28.9±8.4 | 29.8±9.2 | 31.7±4.9 | 29.8±4.9 | 0.63 |
| BSA, m2 | 1.9±0.2 | 1.9±0.2 | 1.9±0.2 | 1.9±0.2 | 1.8±0.2 | 0.54 |
| Hypertension | 26 (34) | 8 (40) | 4 (20) | 6 (30) | 8 (47) | 0.64 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 7 (9) | 0 (0) | 2 (10) | 1 (5) | 4 (24) | 0.17 |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Current smoker | 8 (10) | 0 (0) | 3 (15) | 2 (10) | 3 (18) | 0.39 |
| Ex‐smoker | 28 (36) | 10 (50) | 6 (30) | 6 (30) | 6 (35) | 0.63 |
| Medication | ||||||
| Beta‐blockers | 19 (25) | 6 (30) | 4 (20) | 3 (15) | 6 (35) | 0.70 |
| ACEi/ARB | 18 (23) | 3 (15) | 7 (35) | 3 (15) | 5 (29) | 0.49 |
| Diuretics | 29 (38) | 6 (30) | 9 (45) | 7 (35) | 7 (41) | 0.88 |
Continuous data are given as mean±SD, median (interquartile range), or number (%). ACEi indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BSA, body surface area; CMR, cardiovascular magnetic resonance; ECV, extracellular volume fraction; EDV, end‐diastolic volume; EDVI, end‐diastolic volume index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVM, left ventricular mass; LVMI, left ventricular mass index.