Table 1.
Characteristics of the Study Population According to Categories of ABI, the ARIC Study (2011‐2013)
| Characteristics | ABI Categories (n) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (5115) | <0.9 (402) | 0.90 to 0.99 (426) | 1.00 to 1.09 (1234) | 1.10 to 1.19 (1900) | 1.20 to 1.29 (694) | ≥1.3 (459) | P Valuea | |
| Age (y), mean (SD) | 75.4 (5.0) | 77.3 (5.5) | 76.0 (5.6) | 75.3 (5.1) | 75.0 (4.8) | 74.8 (4.9) | 75.5 (4.8) | <0.001 |
| Sex (Females) | 2948 (57.6%) | 214 (53.2%) | 298 (70.0%) | 878 (71.2%) | 1138 (59.9%) | 289 (41.6%) | 131 (28.5%) | <0.001 |
| Blacks | 1113 (21.8%) | 164 (40.8%) | 133 (31.2%) | 352 (28.5%) | 352 (18.5%) | 66 (9.5%) | 46 (10.0%) | <0.001 |
| Educationb | 2819 (55.1%) | 258 (64.2%) | 264 (62.0%) | 732 (59.3%) | 1029 (54.2%) | 339 (48.8%) | 197 (42.9%) | <0.001 |
| Economic statusb | 2367 (46.3%) | 232 (57.7%) | 229 (53.8%) | 642 (52.0%) | 828 (43.6%) | 267 (38.5%) | 169 (36.8%) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 297 (5.8%) | 56 (13.9%) | 53 (12.4%) | 77 (6.2%) | 80 (4.2%) | 16 (2.3%) | 15 (3.3%) | <0.001 |
| Current drinker | 2559 (50.8%) | 147 (36.6%) | 179 (42.0%) | 561 (45.5%) | 1040 (54.7%) | 410 (59.1%) | 262 (57.1%) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 28.6 (5.5) | 28.9 (5.9) | 29.5 (6.6) | 29.0 (5.7) | 28.2 (5.1) | 28.0 (4.7) | 29.1 (5.6) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 4.7 (1.1) | 4.6 (1.1) | 4.8 (1.1) | 4.8 (1.1) | 4.7 (1.1) | 4.6 (1.0) | 4.4 (1.0) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1606 (31.4%) | 173 (43.0%) | 142 (33.3%) | 388 (31.4%) | 546 (28.7%) | 205 (29.5%) | 152 (33.1%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 3774 (73.8%) | 347 (86.3%) | 338 (79.3%) | 953 (77.2%) | 1343 (70.7%) | 481 (69.3%) | 312 (68.0%) | <0.001 |
| CHD history | 734 (14.3%) | 115 (28.6%) | 72 (16.9%) | 153 (12.4%) | 229 (12.1%) | 88 (12.7%) | 77 (16.8%) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure history | 239 (4.7%) | 58 (14.4%) | 28 (6.6%) | 56 (4.5%) | 59 (3.1%) | 16 (2.3%) | 22 (4.8%) | <0.001 |
| Stroke history | 174 (3.4%) | 29 (7.2%) | 26 (6.1%) | 36 (2.9%) | 50 (2.6%) | 18 (2.6%) | 15 (3.3%) | <0.001 |
| Lung disease | 566 (11.1%) | 72 (17.9%) | 64 (15.0%) | 155 (12.6%) | 185 (9.7%) | 54 (7.8%) | 36 (7.8%) | <0.001 |
| Kidney functionb | 1424 (27.8%) | 176 (43.8%) | 160 (37.6%) | 351 (28.4%) | 463 (24.4%) | 156 (22.5%) | 118 (25.7%) | <0.001 |
ABI indicates ankle‐brachial index; CHD, coronary heart disease.
a
P‐value calculated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test for continuous variables and by chi‐squared test for categorical variables.
b
Showing the prevalence of lower level, ie, lower education level, lower economic status, and reduced kidney function.