Table 1.
Demographic, Social, and Clinical Characteristics of Study Participants
| Variable | Normotension (71) | HTN Stage 1 (89) | HTN Stage 2 (61) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean±SD, y | 52.1±13.8 | 52.3±12.9 | 51.0±10.5 | 0.82 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 33 (46.5) | 39 (43.8) | 28 (45.9) | 0.94 |
| Race, white, n (%) | 46 (64.8) | 69 (77.5) | 36 (59.0) | 0.038a |
| Married, n (%) | 33 (50.7) | 59 (66.3) | 33 (54.1) | 0.080 |
| Weight, mean±SD, kg | 74.7±16.3 | 77.8±14.6 | 83.2±13.5 | 0.005b |
| Height, mean±SD, m | 1.7±0.1 | 1.7±0.1 | 1.7±0.1 | 0.56 |
| BMI, mean±SD, kg/m2 | 26.9±4.2 | 28.7±4.9 | 30.4±4.6 | <0.001c |
| Education, mean±SD, yr | 12.9±4.0 | 11.3±4.2 | 10.0±4.4 | <0.001c |
| Monthly income, median (range), Rd | 3000.0 (730–20 000) | 2000.0 (600–14 000) | 1900.0 (500–20 000) | <0.001c |
| SBP, mean±SD, mm Hg | 122.1±8.3 | 134.6±13.2 | 150.1±27.9 | <0.001e |
| DBP, mean±SD, mm Hg | 76.7±6.9 | 82.5±9.5 | 92.2±15.2 | <0.001e |
| HTN time, median (range), yr | — | 5.0 (1–33) | 10.0 (1–37) | <0.001 |
| Number of drugs, mean±SD | — | 1.4±0.8 | 3.9±1.2 | <0.001 |
| Controlled HTN, n (%) | — | 50 (56.2) | 22 (36.1) | <0.001 |
| Most‐used drugs | — | |||
| ARB, n (%) | — | 30 (33.7) | 31 (50.8) | 0.037 |
| ACEI, n (%) | — | 31 (34.8) | 28 (45.9) | 0.17 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | — | 41 (46.1) | 55 (90.2) | <0.001 |
| CCB, n (%) | — | 10 (11.2) | 48 (78.7) | <0.001 |
| BB, n (%) | — | 10 (11.2) | 38 (62.3) | <0.001 |
P value refers to comparisons of the means or proportions among the groups by the 1‐way ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney tests. ACEI indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; BB, beta blockers; BMI, body mass index; CCB, calcium‐channel blockers; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HTN, hypertension; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
a
HTN‐1 versus HTN‐2.
b
Normotension versus HTN‐2.
c
Normotension versus HTN‐1 and HTN‐2.
d
R (1 USD=3.3 Real).
e
All groups different.