Table 5.
Age and Sex Interactions in Multivariable‐Adjusted Associations
| Vascular Measures | Longitudinal Strain (GLS) | Circumferential Strain (GCS) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient (SE)a | P Value | Coefficient (SE)a | P Value | |
| Age interaction terms | ||||
| Age×(negative inverse CFPWV) | ||||
| Model 2 | 0.024 (0.044) | 0.58 | 0.026 (0.047) | 0.58 |
| Model 3 | 0.065 (0.046) | 0.16 | 0.056 (0.049) | 0.25 |
| Age×Log‐Zc | ||||
| Model 2 | −0.0004 (0.041) | 0.99 | 0.022 (0.044) | 0.62 |
| Model 3 | 0.009 (0.043) | 0.83 | 0.034 (0.045) | 0.45 |
| Sex interaction terms | ||||
| Sex×(negative inverse CFPWV) | ||||
| Model 2 | 0.044 (0.039) | 0.27 | −0.065 (0.042) | 0.12 |
| Model 3 | 0.049 (0.042) | 0.24 | −0.082 (0.044) | 0.06 |
| Sex×Log‐Zc | ||||
| Model 2 | 0.118 (0.040) | 0.004 | 0.016 (0.044) | 0.72 |
| Model 3 | 0.107 (0.042) | 0.01 | 0.021 (0.045) | 0.65 |
Model 2 is adjusted for cohort, age, sex, height, weight, glucose, total/HDL cholesterol ratio, natural log‐triglycerides, diabetes mellitus, current smoker, antihypertensive medication use, lipid‐lowering medication use, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and augmentation index. Model 3 is adjusted for the covariates in Model 2 plus LV mass, LV wall thickness, and LV end‐diastolic dimension. CFPWV indicates carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity; GCS, global circumferential strain; GLS, global longitudinal strain; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; LV, left ventricular; Zc, characteristic impedance.
Coefficients are for the age interaction term (older vs younger age was defined by the median age [65 years]) or the sex interaction term (testing for difference in slopes between women vs men) as independent measures in the multivariable models.