Table 1.
Baseline Patient Characteristics by Tertiles of Baseline ST2 Levels
| Low ST2 Tertile (n=58) | Mid ST2 Tertile (n=58) | High ST2 Tertile (n=58) | P Value | P Valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ST2 range, ng/mL | <29.5 | 29.5–38.5 | >38.5 | … | … |
| ST2, ng/mL | 23.8 (21.7–26.9) | 34.3 (31.6–36.5) | 51.1 (46.6–66.4) | … | … |
| Male | 18 (31) | 32 (55) | 36 (62) | 0.002 | … |
| Age, y | 67 (61–74) | 71 (64–79) | 69 (63–77) | 0.16 | 0.30 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 32.9 (28.6–36.9) | 32.5 (28.0–38.8) | 33.8 (28.6–40.1) | 0.54 | 0.70 |
| Body surface area, m2 | 2.13 (1.95–2.23) | 2.07 (1.89–2.39) | 2.12 (1.95–2.29) | 0.80 | 0.53 |
| HF hospitalization | 18 (31) | 16 (28) | 21 (36) | 0.60 | 0.63 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Hypertension | 44 (76) | 56 (97) | 46 (79) | 0.005 | 0.023 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 20 (34) | 20 (34) | 27 (47) | 0.30 | 0.50 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 21 (36) | 30 (52) | 34 (59) | 0.047 | 0.049 |
| COPD | 8 (14) | 11 (19) | 13 (22) | 0.48 | 0.77 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 17 (29) | 19 (33) | 35 (60) | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL (n=172) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 0.016 | 0.018 |
| Cystatin‐C, mg/L | 1.15 (0.92–1.46) | 1.21 (1.08–1.47) | 1.58 (1.13–2.15) | 0.0003 | <0.0001 |
| Medications | |||||
| ACEI or ARB | 40 (69) | 41 (71) | 35 (60) | 0.45 | 0.36 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 5 (9) | 6 (10) | 8 (14) | 0.66 | 0.62 |
| Beta blocker | 40 (69) | 42 (72) | 45 (78) | 0.57 | 0.80 |
| Loop diuretic | 36 (62) | 43 (74) | 51 (88) | 0.006 | 0.013 |
| Congestion and quality of life | |||||
| NT‐proBNP, pg/mL (n=173) | 382 (94–656) | 696 (356–1621) | 955 (497–1802) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Elevated JVP (n=168) | 16 (28) | 24 (44) | 33 (59) | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Moderate or severe edema | 5 (9) | 8 (14) | 22 (38) | 0.0006 | 0.0006 |
| NYHA class II | 35 (60) | 26 (45) | 24 (41) | 0.09 | 0.029 |
| MLHFQ score (n=166) | 37 (30–63) | 49 (35–65) | 44 (25–60) | 0.16 | 0.17 |
Values are median (interquartile range) or n (%). ACEI indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HF, heart failure; JVP, jugular venous pressure; MLHFQ, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; ST2, suppression of tumorigenicity 2.
a
Adjusted for sex.