Table 4.

Relationship of Mothers, Fathers, or Complete Trios (Both Mother and Father) With Their Offspring for Measures of Vascular Structure and Function

Measure	Complete Trios (n=136)		Mother‐Offspring (n=291)		Father‐Offspring (n=186)
	h2 (SE)	P Value	h2 (SE)	P Value	h2 (SE)	P Value
Brachial artery diameter, mm	21.4 (12.3)	0.035	37.5 (10.2)	<0.001	34.0 (11.6)	<0.001
FMD (%)a	2.2 (12.4)	0.43	18.6 (14.1)	0.08	N/Ab	N/Ab
cLD, mm	58.3 (10.3)	<0.001	49.2 (10.6)	<0.001	74.1 (12.8)	<0.001
cIMT, mm	N/Ab	N/Ab	N/Ab	N/Ab	N/Ab	N/Ab
cIEM, mm Hg	30.2 (11.8)	0.005	5.3 (10.9)	0.31	42.7 (12.7)	<0.001
cDD (%)	33.2 (9.9)	<0.001	23.4 (9.8)	0.006	41.5 (10.7)	<0.001
cCSD (%)	30.6 (9.8)	<0.001	22.9 (9.7)	0.007	40.5 (10.7)	<0.001
cDC, mm/mm Hg	8.6 (10.1)	0.19	N/Ab	N/Ab	6.2 (10.2)	0.27
cCSC, mm2/mm Hg	23.5 (10.7)	0.012	19.4 (9.9)	0.02	51.0 (12.8)	<0.001
PWV, m/s	29.4 (12.2)	0.006	33.3 (11.0)	<0.001	23.1 (13.0)	0.032

Data are adjusted for age, sex, race, BMI, MAP, and smoking of both parents and offspring. BMI indicates body‐mass index; cCSC, carotid cross‐sectional compliance; cCSD, carotid cross‐sectional distensibility; cDC, carotid diameter compliance; cDD, carotid diameter distensibility; cIEM, carotid incremental elastic modulus; cIMT, carotid intima media thickness; cLD, carotid lumen diameter; FMD, flow‐mediated dilation; h², heritability analysis; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PWV, pulse wave velocity.

^aDenotes all models further adjusted for brachial artery diameter.

^bN/A, estimates were unable to be reliably performed.