Table 2.

Echocardiography and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

	Controls (n=10)	AsympEF ≥50 (n=37)	SympEF ≥50 (n=12)	SympEF <50 (n=9)	P Value
Echocardiography
AVA index, cm2/m2	1.5±0.2	0.5±0.1a	0.4±0.1a, b	0.4±0.1a, b	<0.001
Peak gradient, mm Hgc	—	53±19	93±27b	71±29b	<0.001
Mean gradient, mm Hgc	—	31±12	57±18b	43±19b	<0.001
GLS, %	−19±2	−18±2	−14±2a, b	−11±3a, b, d	<0.001
LVEF, %	63±5	70±6a	58±8b	47±10a, b, d	<0.001
s′, cm/s	6.0±0.9	5.5±1.0	4.8±0.7a, b	3.8±0.8a, b, d	<0.001
E/A	1.1±0.3	0.9±0.2a	1.1±0.6	0.7±0.3a	0.03
DT, ms	217±57	289±66a	243±70b	276±75	0.01
IVRT, ms	114±9	92±17a	90±39	112±25b	0.02
E/e′	9.0±1.3	16.2±5.0a	18.6±6.5a	23.2±8.3a, b	<0.001
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance
LV mass index, g/m2	69±11	86±19a	102±29a	124±32a, b	<0.001
EDV index, mL/m2	70±13	69±16	75±23	106±30a, b, d	<0.001
ESV index, mL/m2	26±6	20±9a	27±10b	62±30a, b, d	<0.001
LVEF, %	63±4	71±6a	65±7b	43±10a, b, d	<0.001
SV index, mL/m2	38±5	42±8	41±11	37±5	0.39
Cardiac index, L/m2 per minute	2.4±0.4	2.7±0.6	2.9±0.7	2.5±0.5	0.14
Concentric remodelinge	1.0±0.1	1.3±0.2a	1.4±0.3a	1.2±0.2a	<0.001
Peak systolic wall stress, kPa	180±22	240±44a	273±64a	293±67a, b	<0.001

Values are mean±SD. AsympEF ≥50 indicates asymptomatic aortic valve stenosis patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50%; AVA, aortic valve area; DT, deceleration time; EDV, end‐diastolic volume; ESV, end‐systolic volume; GLS, global longitudinal strain; IVRT, isovolumetric relaxation time; LV, left ventricle; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; SV, stroke volume; SympEF ≥50, symptomatic aortic valve stenosis patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50%; SympEF <50, symptomatic aortic valve stenosis patients with left ventricular ejection fraction <50%.

^a P<0.05 vs controls.

^b P<0.05 vs AsympEF ≥50.

^cWithout correction for pressure recovery.

^d P<0.05 vs SympEF ≥50.

^eConcentric remodeling=LV mass/EDV.