Table 3.
Unadjusted and Adjusted Standardized Regression Coefficients for the Association of Left Atrial Measures With Beta‐blocker Use
| Left Atrial Parameters | Model 1 Estimated Standardized β Coefficient (P Value) | Model 2 Estimated Standardized β Coefficient (P Value) | Model 3 Estimated Standardized β Coefficient (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reservoir function | |||
| Total longitudinal strain | −0.18 (0.009) | −0.21 (0.005) | −0.21 (0.006) |
| LA expansion index | −0.26 (<0.001) | −0.27 (<0.001) | −0.30 (<0.001) |
| Conduit function | |||
| Positive longitudinal strain | −0.11 (0.094) | −0.16 (0.024) | −0.19 (0.012) |
| Early‐diastolic strain ratea | 0.14 (0.036) | 0.17 (0.016) | 0.15 (0.039) |
| Passive LA ejection fraction | −0.08 (0.235) | −0.10 (0.140) | −0.08 (0.26) |
| Booster pump function | |||
| Negative longitudinal straina | 0.18 (0.010) | 0.16 (0.028) | 0.15 (0.049) |
| Late‐diastolic strain ratea | 0.18 (0.009) | 0.16 (0.041) | 0.18 (0.019) |
| Active LA emptying fraction | −0.23 (0.001) | −0.26 (0.001) | −0.27 (<0.001) |
Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, and race. Model 2: adjusted for variables in Model 1 plus body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, presence of diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium‐channel blockers, spironolactone, and diuretics. Model 3: adjusted for variables in Model 2 plus LA volume, left ventricular mass, and left ventricular ejection fraction. LA indicates left atrium.
a
Positive coefficients in diastolic strain and strain rate indicate “less negative values” and therefore worse left atrial function.