Table 5.
Sensitivity Analyses Showing Unadjusted and Adjusted Standardized Regression Coefficients for the Association of Measures of Left Atrial Measures With Beta‐blocker Use, Among Subjects With Available Carotid Tonometry Data (n Included=176)
| Left Atrial Parameters | Model 1 Estimated Standardized β Coefficient (P Value) | Model 2 Estimated Standardized β Coefficient (P Value) | Model 3 Estimated Standardized β Coefficient (P Value) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reservoir function | |||
| Total longitudinal strain | −0.15 (0.052) | −0.19 (0.022) | −0.20 (0.017) |
| LA expansion index | −0.23 (0.003) | −0.25 (0.003) | −0.24 (0.004) |
| Conduit function | |||
| Positive longitudinal strain | −0.12 (0.092) | −0.15 (0.062) | −0.18 (0.028) |
| Early‐diastolic strain ratea | 0.18 (0.012) | 0.20 (0.01) | 0.19 (0.02) |
| Passive LA ejection fraction | −0.12 (0.09) | −0.10 (0.18) | −0.07 (0.36) |
| Booster pump function | |||
| Negative longitudinal straina | 0.11 (0.162) | 0.15 (0.073) | 0.19 (0.036) |
| Late‐diastolic strain ratea | 0.13 (0.10) | 0.17 (0.055) | 0.19 (0.029) |
| Active LA emptying fraction | −0.17 (0.03) | −0.20 (0.022) | −0.15 (0.093) |
Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, and race. Model 2: adjusted for variables in Model 1 plus central‐to‐brachial pulse pressure amplification, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, presence of diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium‐channel blockers, spironolactone, and diuretics. Model 3: adjusted for variables in Model 2 plus LA volume, left ventricular mass, and left ventricular ejection fraction. LA indicates left atrium.
Positive coefficients in diastolic strain and strain rate indicate “less negative values” and therefore worse LA function.