Table 1.
Comparison between FINGER participants with and without brain scans at the three neuroimaging study sites (total 682 participants)**
| n | No brain scan | n | Brain scan | p | |
| MRI POPULATION | |||||
| Men, n (%) | 550 | 292 (53.0) | 132 | 70 (53.0) | 0.99 |
| Education, years | 546 | 9.5 (3.07) | 132 | 9.4 (2.9) | 0.75 |
| APOE ɛ4 carriers, n (%) | 507 | 175 (34.5) | 119 | 35 (29.4) | 0.28 |
| # Follow-up time, years | 550 | 16.0 (11.0) | 132 | 17.6 (9.3) | 0.13 |
| Characteristics at the FINRISK/FIN-D2D assessment | |||||
| Age, years | 550 | 53.0 (11.4) | 132 | 52.4 (10.6) | 0.56 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 548 | 141.0 (18.4) | 132 | 141.2 (20.7) | 0.95 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 548 | 27.4 (4.3) | 132 | 26.9 (3.4) | 0.20 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 547 | 5.9 (1.1) | 132 | 5.9(1.1) | 0.78 |
| Physically inactive, n (%) | 542 | 255 (47.0) | 131 | 70 (53.4) | 0.18 |
| CAIDE Dementia Risk Score | 535 | 7.13 (2.5) | 131 | 6.8 (2.4) | 0.18 |
| CAIDE Dementia Risk Score including APOE | 492 | 8.7 (3.10) | 118 | 8.2 (2.8) | 0.14 |
| Characteristics at the FINGER baseline assessment | |||||
| Age, years | 550 | 69.2 (4.7) | 132 | 70.1 (4.6) | 0.06 |
| NTB Total score | 549 | –0.12 (0.56) | 132 | –0.067 (0.52) | 0.25 |
| NTB Executive functioning | 548 | –0.14 (0.67) | 132 | –0.04 (0.58) | 0.10 |
| NTB Processing speed | 549 | –0.13 (0.82) | 132 | –0.04 (0.78) | 0.23 |
| NTB Memory | 549 | –0.10 (0.64) | 132 | –0.10(0.60) | 0.90 |
| NTB Abbreviated memory | 539 | –0.15 (0.7) | 132 | –0.14 (0.70) | 0.94 |
| MMSE | 549 | 26.9 (1.98) | 130 | 26.9 (1.99) | 0.63 |
| *Visually rated deep WML | – | – | 131 | 1.2 (0.0–3.0) | – |
| *Visually rated periventricular WML | – | – | 131 | 1.4 (0.0–3.0) | – |
| *Visually rated MTA | – | – | 132 | 1.0 (0.0–3.0) | – |
| *Total hippocampal volume, ml | – | – | 132 | 7.3 (4.7–9.3) | – |
| *Total intracranial volume, ml | – | – | 132 | 1559.6 (957.9–2032.7) | – |
| *AD signature thickness, mm | – | – | 132 | 2.8 (2.4–3.1) | – |
| *Total GM volume, ml | – | – | 132 | 554.6 (420.7–695.4) | – |
| PET POPULATION | |||||
| Men, n (%) | 191 | 98 (51.3) | 48 | 26 (54.17) | 0.72 |
| Education, years | 189 | 9.4 (3.30) | 48 | 9.40 (3.09) | 0.97 |
| APOE ɛ4 carriers, n (%) | 180 | 76 (42.2) | 47 | 14 (29.7) | 0.12 |
| # Follow-up time, years | 191 | 11.1 (7.13) | 48 | 21.3 (3.0) | <0.001 |
| Characteristics at baseline (FINRISK/FIN-D2D assessment) | |||||
| Age, years | 191 | 58.9 (7.7) | 48 | 49.1 (5.9) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 190 | 141.0 (19.4) | 48 | 136.20 (22.2) | 0.13 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 190 | 27.9 (4.14) | 48 | 26.6 (3.0) | 0.05 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 190 | 5.84 (1.1) | 48 | 6.0 (1.1) | 0.38 |
| Physically inactive, n (%) | 190 | 82 (43.1) | 48 | 31 (64.5) | 0.008 |
| CAIDE Dementia Risk Score | 187 | 7.90 (1.90) | 48 | 6.52 (3.0) | <0.001 |
| CAIDE Dementia Risk Score including APOE | 176 | 9.8 (2.42) | 47 | 7.83 (3.14) | <0.001 |
| Characteristics at the FNGER baseline assessment | |||||
| Age, years | 191 | 70.0 (4.6) | 48 | 70.7 (5.04) | 0.35 |
| NTB Total score | 190 | –0.05 (0.52) | 48 | –0.01 (0.52) | 0.67 |
| NTB Executive functioning | 190 | –0.10 (0.64) | 48 | –0.0001 (0.56) | 0.30 |
| NTB Processing speed | 190 | –0.10 (0.76) | 48 | 0.05 (0.89) | 0.23 |
| NTB Memory | 190 | 0.02 (0.59) | 48 | –0.048 (0.58) | 0.44 |
| NTB Abbreviated memory | 184 | –0.020 (0.69) | 48 | –0.13 (0.67) | 0.33 |
| MMSE | 191 | 27.2 (2.02) | 48 | 27.0 (1.8) | 0.52 |
| Amyloid positive, n (%) | – | – | 48 | 20 (41.6) | – |
Values are means (SD) unless otherwise specified. *Values are medians (range). P-values are shown for differences between participants with and without brain scans. # Follow-up time is calculated as time between FINRISK/FIN-D2D visit and FINGER baseline visit. **Due to the geographical distribution of the different FINRISK/FIN-D2D cohorts, recruitment was primarily from earlier cohorts at neuroimaging study sites (i.e., younger participants), and primarily from later cohorts at study sites without neuroimaging (i.e., older participants). The comparisons shown in the table focused on the neuroimaging sites in order to assess if there were further differences between groups. APOE, apolipoprotein E genotype; BMI, body mass index; CAIDE, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia study; NTB, neuropsychological test battery; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; WML, white matter lesions; MTA, medial temporal atrophy; AD signature thickness, Alzheimer’s disease signature thickness, average of cortical thickness in entorhinal, inferior temporal, middle temporal, and fusiform regions; GM, gray matter.