. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jul 24.

Published in final edited form as: Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2013 Nov;17(11):1389–1395. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0030

Table 1.

Malawi pediatric anti-tuberculosis and ART regimens, 2006–2010

	Regimen
Anti-tuberculosis treatment
Type of TB case
New (first case)	2RHZE/4RH (Regimen 1)^*
Relapse, return after default, treatment failure, recurrent^†	2SRHZE/1RHZE/5RHE (Regimen 2)^*
Meningitis	2SRHZ/7RH^*
Suspected or confirmed multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant TB	Handled on a case-by-case basis with NTP
ART
Standard first-line^‡	d4T/3TC/NVP
Standard second-line^‡	ABC/ddI/LPV-r

R = rifampicin; H = isoniazid; Z = pyrazinamide; E = ethambutol; S = streptomycin. Numbers represent duration of therapy in months.

^†

In practice, many recurrent cases are treated with Regimen 1 if they are thought to represent re-infection after successful treatment of a previous episode.

^‡

For patients on anti-tuberculosis treatment and first-line ART, there is no recommended switch from NVP to EFV. For patients needing simultaneous anti-tuberculosis treatment and second-line ART, double-dose LPV-r is usually recommended, as individual ritonavir is not available in the country for superboosting.

ART = antiretroviral therapy; TB = tuberculosis; NTP = National TB Control Programme; d4T = stavudine; 3TC = lamivudine; NVP = nevirapine; ABC = abacavir; ddI = didanosine; LPV-r = lopinavir/ritonavir; EFV = efavirenz.