Table 3. Crude and Adjusted Hazard Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for All-Cause Mortality Associated With Marital Status (Unmarried vs Married) Stratified by Sex and Nativity.
| Variable | Males: HR (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| All Races, N = 377,932 | NHW, N = 247,722 | Black, N = 30,281 | Hispanic, N = 56,754 | API, N = 36,901 | |
| Overall, crude | 1.57 (1.56–1.59) | 1.63 (1.61–1.65) | 1.64 (1.59–1.69) | 1.56 (.52–1.59) | 1.37 (1.32–1.41) |
| Overall, adjusteda | 1.22 (1.21–1.24) | 1.24 (1.23–1.26) | 1.20 (1.16–1.24) | 1.20 (1.17–1.23) | 1.11 (1.07–1.15) |
| Pheterogeneity for raceb | 6.2 × 10−9 | ||||
| By nativity | |||||
| US born, crude | — | — | — | 1.59 (1.54–1.65) | 1.49 (1.38–1.610 |
| US born, adjusteda | — | — | — | 1.21 (1.17–1.26) | 1.21 (1.11–1.32) |
| Foreign born, crude | — | — | — | 1.52 (1.46–1.57) | 1.39 (1.34–1.44) |
| Foreign born, adjusteda | — | — | — | 1.17 (1.13–1.21) | 1.09 (1.05–1.13) |
| Pheterogeneity for nativityb | — | — | — | .085 | .0024 |
|
| |||||
| Variable | Females: HR (95% CI)c | ||||
|
| |||||
| All Races, N = 378,447 | NHW, N = 253,102 | Black, N = 24,098 | Hispanic, N = 58,008 | API, N = 40,309 | |
|
| |||||
| Overall, crude | 1.80 (1.78–1.82) | 1.83 (1.81–1.85) | 1.54 (1.48–1.60) | 1.63 (1.59–1.68) | 1.75 (1.69–1.81) |
| Overall, adjusteda | 1.15 (1.14–1.16) | 1.17 (1.15–1.18) | 1.09 (1.05–1.13) | 1.11 (1.08–1.14) | 1.07 (1.04–1.11) |
| Pheterogeneity for raceb | <1.0 3 10−30 | ||||
| By nativity | |||||
| US born, crude | — | — | — | 1.64 (1.58–1.70) | 1.88 (1.73–2.05) |
| US born, adjusteda | — | — | — | 1.17 (1.13–1.22) | 1.20 (1.09–1.32) |
| Foreign born, crude | — | — | 1.63 (1.57–1.69) | 1.74 (1.68–1.80) | |
| Foreign born, adjusteda | — | — | — | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) |
| Pheterogeneity for nativityb | — | — | — | 1.5 3 10−8 | 4.6 3 10−6 |
Abbreviations: API, Asian/Pacific Islander; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; NHW, non-Hispanic white.
Adjusted HRs were estimated from Cox proportional hazard models stratified by stage (localized, regional, distant, unknown) and age at diagnosis (in years) and were adjusted for: cancer site (prostate, lung, colon, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, bladder, liver and intrahepatic bile duct, pancreas, stomach, and esophagus), race/ethnicity (NHW, black, Hispanic, API, other/unknown for the all races model only), first course of treatment (yes or no for surgery, radiation, hormone therapy), insurance status (no insurance, private insurance only, Medicare only/Medicare and private insurance, any public/Medicaid/military insurance, unknown), and neighborhood socioeconomic status (quintiles). The analysis excluded 15,538 leukemia cases in males.
The likelihood ratio test for interaction was computed based on cross-product terms.
Models for females include sites in the breast, lung, colon, uterus, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, ovary, pancreas, brain, and liver and intrahepatic bile duct. The analysis excluded 11,250 leukemia cases in females.