Table 2.
Factors Associated With CPR Training in Middle Schools According to Teachers
| Variable From Questionnaire Survey | OR (95% CI) | P Value | OR (95% CI) Adjusted for the Random Effect of School | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Knowledgea | ||||
| CPR training of students is mandatory before graduation from middle schoola | 4.97 (3.09‐7.98) | <0.001 | 4.19 (2.65‐6.62) | <0.001 |
| Background variables | ||||
| Teacher characteristics | ||||
| Female sex | 1.71 (1.12‐2.62) | 0.013 | 1.28 (0.91‐1.81) | 0.15 |
| Family member, friend, or acquaintance with previous cardiac arresta | 1.59 (1.10‐2.28) | 0.013 | 1.56 (1.13‐2.15) | 0.010 |
| Had thought about CPR training of students before this surveya | 3.14 (1.89‐5.22) | <0.001 | 2.34 (1.52‐3.61) | <0.001 |
| School characteristics | ||||
| AED presenta | 1.45 (1.02‐2.07) | 0.038 | 1.41 (0.99‐2.01) | 0.052 |
| Presence of a staff member who is very passionate about CPR traininga | 2.13 (1.46‐3.11) | <0.001 | 2.04 (1.40‐2.97) | <0.001 |
| School leadership has reported CPR training is mandatorya, b | 2.95 (1.91‐4.55) | <0.001 | ··· | ··· |
| School leadership has reported CPR training should be mandatorya, b | 2.71 (1.76‐4.19) | <0.001 | ··· | ··· |
| Direct measure of teachers' attitudes toward CPR training of studentsa | ||||
| CPR training should be mandatory | 3.12 (1.52‐6.42) | 0.002 | 2.38 (1.37‐4.12) | 0.002 |
| Indirect measures of teachers' attitudes toward CPR training of studentsc | ||||
| CPR training empowers students to take action in emergency situations | 1.90 (1.31‐2.74) | <0.001 | 1.70 (1.18‐2.45) | 0.004 |
| CPR training increases students' understanding of being a citizen | 1.70 (1.18‐2.43) | 0.004 | 1.52 (1.11‐2.09) | 0.009 |
| CPR training of students will increase bystander CPR in the long term | 1.79 (1.10‐2.91) | 0.019 | 1.61 (1.04‐2.48) | 0.032 |
| Students do not find CPR training uncomfortable/scary | 2.78 (1.76‐4.38) | <0.001 | 2.27 (1.58‐3.28) | <0.001 |
| Direct measure of pressure teachers feel to train students in CPRc | ||||
| To what degree is it expected from you, as a teacher at your school, that students are trained in CPR? | 2.91 (1.54‐5.52) | 0.001 | 2.04 (1.07‐3.89) | 0.031 |
| Indirect measures of pressure teachers feel to train students in CPRd | ||||
| During the past 3 years, how many of graduating classes (middle school) do you think have completed CPR training? | 17.3 (10.7‐28.0) | <0.001 | 13.5 (8.39‐21.7) | <0.001 |
| How many middle schools do you think have implemented CPR training? | 12.98 (5.58‐30.17) | <0.001 | 9.68 (4.65‐20.1) | <0.001 |
| The following groups think/express that students should be trained in CPRc | ||||
| Students/the student council | 2.04 (1.80‐3.87) | 0.030 | 1.93 (1.11‐3.34) | 0.019 |
| Parents/parents' committee | 2.62 (1.60‐4.30) | <0.001 | 2.21 (1.42‐3.42) | <0.001 |
| Teachers | 2.10 (1.43‐3.08) | <0.001 | 1.84 (1.30‐2.59) | <0.001 |
| The school leadership | 2.02 (1.33‐3.08) | 0.001 | 1.90 (1.28‐2.80) | 0.001 |
| Indirect measure of teachers' perceived ability to train students in CPR | ||||
| Presence of a CPR training coordinator at your schoola | 3.55 (2.24‐5.62) | <0.001 | 3.01 (1.84‐4.92) | <0.001 |
| At the moment, do you feel you have the skills to train students in CPR?c | 3.16 (1.98‐5.04) | <0.001 | 2.78 (1.74‐4.45) | <0.001 |
| The school provides clear guidelines as to who is responsible for CPR training that is conducted at your schoolc | 1.90 (1.25‐2.88) | 0.003 | 1.57 (1.07‐2.29) | 0.020 |
| I think it is easy to acquire good CPR training materialc | 2.47 (1.71‐3.55) | <0.001 | 2.08 (1.57‐2.76) | <0.001 |
AED indicates automated external defibrillators; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
a
Yes vs no.
b
Subanalysis only including teachers whose leadership also responded to this item (n=344).
c
Dichotomized from a 5‐point Likert scale, the 2 lowest levels vs the 3 highest levels.
d
Dichotimized from a 5‐point Likert scale, all and most classes (schools) vs half or less than half of the classes (schools).