Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants
| All | eGFR ≥60 | eGFR 45 to 59 | eGFR 30 to 44 | eGFR <30 or Dialysis | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 7738 | 5692 | 1353 | 512 | 181 | |
| eGFR, median (IQR) | 73 (59–86) | 80 (71–89) | 54 (50–57) | 39 (36–42) | 23 (15–27) | |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 73 (65–80) | 70 (63–78) | 78 (72–83) | 81 (76–85) | 80 (71–85) | <0.001 |
| <65 | 2006 (25.9%) | 1846 (32.4%) | 108 (8.0%) | 30 (5.9%) | 22 (12.2%) | <0.001 |
| 65 to 74 | 2461 (31.8%) | 1953 (34.3%) | 382 (28.2%) | 88 (17.2%) | 38 (21.0%) | |
| 75 to 84 | 2565 (33.1%) | 1603 (28.2%) | 631 (46.6%) | 253 (49.4%) | 78 (43.1%) | |
| ≥85 | 706 (9.1%) | 290 (5.1%) | 232 (17.1%) | 141 (27.5%) | 43 (23.8%) | |
| Female | 3153 (40.7%) | 2112 (37.1%) | 676 (50.0%) | 273 (53.3%) | 92 (50.8%) | <0.001 |
| CHA2DS2‐VASc, mean (SD) | 2.9 (1.8) | 2.6 (1.8) | 3.7 (1.6) | 4.4 (1.6) | 4.2 (1.7) | <0.001 |
| HAS‐BLED, mean (SD) | 2.1 (1.1) | 1.9 (1.1) | 2.4 (1.0) | 2.6 (0.9) | 3.1 (1.0) | <0.001 |
| Comorbid history | ||||||
| MI | 690 (8.9%) | 402 (7.1%) | 146 (10.8%) | 105 (20.5%) | 37 (20.4%) | <0.001 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 1423 (18.4%) | 892 (15.7%) | 309 (22.8%) | 168 (32.8%) | 54 (29.8%) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 382 (4.9%) | 227 (4.0%) | 83 (6.1%) | 49 (9.6%) | 23 (12.7%) | <0.001 |
| PCI | 216 (2.8%) | 134 (2.4%) | 48 (3.5%) | 31 (6.1%) | 3 (1.7%) | <0.001 |
| CABG | 112 (1.4%) | 73 (1.3%) | 26 (1.9%) | 12 (2.3%) | 1 (0.6%) | 0.068 |
| Hypertension | 4014 (51.9%) | 2693 (47.3%) | 820 (60.6%) | 364 (71.1%) | 137 (75.7%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1153 (14.9%) | 741 (13.0%) | 241 (17.8%) | 122 (23.8%) | 49 (27.1%) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 716 (9.3%) | 315 (5.5%) | 203 (15.0%) | 137 (26.8%) | 61 (33.7%) | <0.001 |
| Valvular disease | 94 (1.2%) | 60 (1.1%) | 18 (1.3%) | 11 (2.1%) | 5 (2.8%) | 0.033 |
| Biological valve prosthesis | 43 (0.6%) | 25 (0.4%) | 9 (0.7%) | 6 (1.2%) | 3 (1.7%) | 0.027 |
| Mechanical valve prosthesis | 65 (0.8%) | 38 (0.7%) | 17 (1.3%) | 7 (1.4%) | 3 (1.7%) | 0.046 |
| Pacemaker/ICD | 367 (4.7%) | 226 (4.0%) | 80 (5.9%) | 47 (9.2%) | 14 (7.7%) | <0.001 |
| Known liver disease | 31 (0.4%) | 23 (0.4%) | 2 (0.1%) | 3 (0.6%) | 3 (1.7%) | 0.021 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 489 (6.3%) | 332 (5.8%) | 95 (7.0%) | 46 (9.0%) | 16 (8.8%) | 0.009 |
| Cancer (within last 3 years) | 971 (12.5%) | 631 (11.1%) | 211 (15.6%) | 94 (18.4%) | 35 (19.3%) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol abuse | 151 (2.0%) | 123 (2.2%) | 16 (1.2%) | 7 (1.4%) | 5 (2.8%) | 0.071 |
| Dementia | 33 (0.4%) | 17 (0.3%) | 10 (0.7%) | 6 (1.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.005 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 124 (1.6%) | 85 (1.5%) | 23 (1.7%) | 9 (1.8%) | 7 (3.9%) | 0.091 |
| Known coagulation/platelet defect | 58 (0.7%) | 37 (0.7%) | 13 (1.0%) | 6 (1.2%) | 2 (1.1%) | <0.001 |
| Known anemia | 311 (4.0%) | 178 (3.1%) | 65 (4.8%) | 41 (8.0%) | 27 (14.9%) | <0.001 |
| Ischemic stroke | 616 (8.0%) | 421 (7.4%) | 122 (9.0%) | 59 (11.5%) | 14 (7.7%) | 0.004 |
| Transient ischemic attack | 289 (3.7%) | 201 (3.5%) | 55 (4.1%) | 27 (5.3%) | 6 (3.3%) | 0.21 |
| Peripheral systemic embolism | 66 (0.9%) | 31 (0.5%) | 15 (1.1%) | 15 (2.9%) | 5 (2.8%) | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 308 (4.0%) | 191 (3.4%) | 64 (4.7%) | 38 (7.4%) | 15 (8.3%) | <0.001 |
| Deep venous thrombosis | 191 (2.5%) | 138 (2.4%) | 30 (2.2%) | 19 (3.7%) | 4 (2.2%) | 0.29 |
| Medication history (last 6 months) | ||||||
| Aspirin | 2782 (36.0%) | 1870 (32.9%) | 598 (44.2%) | 241 (47.1%) | 73 (40.3%) | <0.001 |
| Clopidogrel | 158 (2.0%) | 94 (1.7%) | 34 (2.5%) | 24 (4.7%) | 6 (3.3%) | <0.001 |
| NSAID | 1250 (16.2%) | 908 (16.0%) | 217 (16.0%) | 94 (18.4%) | 31 (17.1%) | 0.54 |
| Acetaminophen | 971 (12.5%) | 642 (11.3%) | 185 (13.7%) | 99 (19.3%) | 45 (24.9%) | <0.001 |
| Statins | 1927 (24.9%) | 1299 (22.8%) | 395 (29.2%) | 176 (34.4%) | 57 (31.5%) | <0.001 |
| SSRI | 337 (4.4%) | 233 (4.1%) | 71 (5.2%) | 25 (4.9%) | 8 (4.4%) | 0.28 |
| Proton pump inhibitor | 1023 (13.2%) | 666 (11.7%) | 212 (15.7%) | 104 (20.3%) | 41 (22.7%) | <0.001 |
| Amiodarone | 12 (0.2%) | 8 (0.1%) | 2 (0.1%) | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (0.6%) | 0.58 |
| Macrolides | 52 (0.7%) | 33 (0.6%) | 12 (0.9%) | 2 (0.4%) | 5 (2.8%) | 0.003 |
| Quinolones | 260 (3.4%) | 171 (3.0%) | 54 (4.0%) | 22 (4.3%) | 13 (7.2%) | 0.004 |
| Cotrimoxazole | 24 (0.3%) | 17 (0.3%) | 4 (0.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (1.7%) | 0.007 |
Data are presented as n (%), median (IQR) or mean (SD). CABG indicates coronary artery bypass graft; ICD, intracardiac defibrillator; IQR, interquartile range; MI, myocardial infarction; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.