Table 3.
Characteristics of the Study Participants by Time‐Averaged DBP Levelsa During the Treatment Period
| Time‐Averaged DBP, mm Hg | P Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥90 (n=262) | 80 to <90 (n=1503) | 75 to <80 (n=869) | <75 (n=553) | ||
| Age, y | 54.4 (6.6) | 57.8 (7.1) | 60.9 (6.8) | 63.9 (6.4) | <0.001 |
| Male, No. (%) | 134 (51.2) | 633 (42.1) | 321 (36.9) | 228 (41.2) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.1 (3.8) | 24.6 (3.5) | 23.7 (3.5) | 22.7 (3.1) | <0.001 |
| Current smoking, No. (%) | 80 (30.5) | 373 (24.9) | 213 (24.5) | 150 (27.1) | 0.027 |
| Current alcohol drinking, No. (%) | 93 (35.5) | 428 (28.5) | 201 (23.2) | 147 (26.6) | 0.005 |
| MTHFR C677T polymorphisms, No. (%) | |||||
| CC | 79 (30.2) | 414 (27.6) | 268 (30.8) | 180 (32.6) | 0.098 |
| CT | 119 (45.4) | 740 (49.2) | 423 (48.7) | 271 (49.0) | |
| TT | 64 (24.4) | 349 (23.2) | 178 (20.5) | 102 (18.4) | |
| Treatment group, No. (%) | |||||
| Enalapril | 132 (50.4) | 726 (48.3) | 439 (50.5) | 282 (51.0) | 0.616 |
| Enalapril‐folic acid | 130 (49.6) | 777 (51.7) | 430 (49.5) | 271 (49.0) | |
| Baseline BP, mm Hg | |||||
| Systolic | 148.4 (8.2) | 150.6 (6.6) | 151.4 (5.7) | 151.8 (5.4) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic | 94.1 (4.6) | 90.3 (6.3) | 86.0 (7.1) | 79.8 (7.7) | <0.001 |
| Time‐averaged BP during the treatment period, mm Hg | |||||
| Systolic | 145.7 (10.0) | 136.8 (8.7) | 132.8 (8.5) | 130.6 (8.5) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic | 93.9 (3.7) | 84.2 (2.7) | 77.7 (1.4) | 71.5 (3.0) | <0.001 |
| Self‐reported hyperlipidemia | 2 (0.8) | 36 (2.4) | 15 (1.7) | 6 (1.1) | 0.111 |
| Self‐reported diabetes mellitus | 2 (0.8) | 29 (1.9) | 22 (2.5) | 14 (2.5) | 0.287 |
| Laboratory results | |||||
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 5.5 (1.4) | 5.6 (1.4) | 5.7 (1.7) | 5.6 (1.9) | 0.240 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.3 (1.1) | 5.5 (1.2) | 5.4 (1.1) | 5.4 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 65.6 (14.7) | 64.8 (15.0) | 63.9 (16.2) | 63.9 (16.2) | 0.112 |
| Homocysteine, μmol/L | 14.1 (10.4) | 13.9 (7.7) | 13.6 (6.1) | 13.5 (5.5) | 0.516 |
| Folate, ng/mL | 9.2 (4.0) | 9.0 (4.4) | 9.6 (4.4) | 9.8 (4.5) | <0.001 |
| Medication use, No. (%) | |||||
| Lipid‐lowering drugs | 0 (0) | 5 (0.3) | 2 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0.445 |
| Glucose‐lowering drugs | 1 (0.4) | 15 (1.0) | 9 (1.0) | 7 (1.3) | 0.703 |
| Antiplatelet drugs | 0 (0) | 5 (0.3) | 3 (0.4) | 2 (0.4) | 0.823 |
BP indicates blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MTHFR, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase.
a
Values are presented as mean (SD) for continuous variables.