Table 2.
Total, Direct, and Indirect Effects of Family History on Incident CHD With Metabolic Mediators, Adjusted for Age at Baseline, Sex, and Smoking Status
| Effects | Family History (Yes vs No) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | Proportion Explained (%) (95% CI)a | Additional Incident CHD Cases Per 100 000 Person‐Years at Riskb | |
| Total effect | 1.52 (1.39–1.65) | 100.0% | 269.7 |
| Direct effectc | 1.40 (1.28–1.52) | 80.0% (73.6–85.2%) | 220.2 |
| Indirect effect, combined | 1.09 (1.07–1.11) | 20.0% (14.8–26.4%) | 52.5 |
| Indirect effect, through systolic blood pressure and hypertension treatment | 1.04 (1.03–1.05) | 8.5% (5.9–12.0%) | 23.5 |
| Indirect effect, through apoA‐I | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 1.7% (0.2–3.4%) | 5.1 |
| Indirect effect, through apoB | 1.04 (1.03–1.05) | 8.3% (5.8–11.7%) | 19.8 |
| Indirect effect, through diabetes mellitus | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 1.5% (−0.8% to 3.8%) | 4.1 |
apoA‐I indicates apolipoprotein A‐I; apoB, apolipoprotein B; CHD, coronary heart disease.
a
On ln(HR) scale.
b
Estimates from additive hazards models with time‐independent effects.
c
Effect of family history not mediated by the 4 analyzed risk factors.