Table 3.
Prevalence Ratios Comparing Associations Between Healthcare Utilization Factors and Each Outcome: Statin Use and, Among Those Taking Statins, LDL‐C Control (LDL‐C <100 mg/dL)
| Factors Influencing Healthcare Utilization | Statin Use | LDL‐C Control |
|---|---|---|
| Fully Adjusteda PR (95%CI) | Fully Adjusteda PR (95%CI) | |
| Predisposing factors | ||
| Race‐sex group | ||
| White men | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Black men | 0.96 (0.89, 1.03) | 0.85 (0.79, 0.93) |
| White women | 0.86 (0.80, 0.92) | 0.89 (0.82, 0.96) |
| Black women | 0.87 (0.81, 0.93) | 0.73 (0.67, 0.80) |
| Age per SDb | 1.05 (1.02, 1.08) | 1.06 (1.03, 1.10) |
| Income | ||
| ≥$75 000 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| $35 000 to $74 000 | 1.00 (0.92, 1.08) | 1.01 (0.92, 1.11) |
| $20 000 to $34 000 | 0.95 (0.87, 1.03) | 1.04 (0.94, 1.15) |
| <$20 000 | 0.98 (0.89, 1.08) | 1.01 (0.90, 1.14) |
| Less than high school completion vs ≥high school completion | 0.99 (0.92, 1.06) | 0.98 (0.90, 1.07) |
| Stroke region | ||
| Nonbelt | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Belt | 0.93 (0.88, 0.98) | 1.05 (0.98, 1.12) |
| Buckle | 1.00 (0.94, 1.06) | 1.04 (0.96, 1.11) |
| Year of data collection | ||
| 2003 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| 2004 | 1.03 (0.96, 1.11) | 1.13 (1.02, 1.25) |
| 2005 | 1.07 (0.99, 1.16) | 1.27 (1.14, 1.40) |
| 2006 | 1.08 (0.99, 1.17) | 1.32 (1.19, 1.47) |
| 2007 | 1.05 (0.96, 1.14) | 1.26 (1.13, 1.41) |
| Enabling factors | ||
| Health insurance vs no health insurance | 1.18 (1.05, 1.33) | 1.19 (1.00, 1.41) |
| Has regular source of medical care vs no regular source | 1.00 (0.95, 1.05) | 1.01 (0.94, 1.10) |
| Census tract poverty tertile | ||
| Least poverty | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Intermediate poverty | 0.97 (0.91, 1.03) | 1.07 (0.99, 1.15) |
| Most poverty | 0.97 (0.90, 1.04) | 1.02 (0.94, 1.11) |
| Perceived need factor | ||
| No recall vs recall of high cholesterol diagnosis | 0.39 (0.35, 0.43) | 1.19 (1.11, 1.27) |
| Imperfect vs perfect medication adherence | 1.00 (0.95, 1.05) | 0.97 (0.91, 1.03) |
| Evaluated need factors | ||
| Diabetes mellitus severity | ||
| Diet‐controlled | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Oral medication use | 1.45 (1.33, 1.56) | 1.12 (1.02, 1.23) |
| Insulin use | 1.50 (1.37, 1.63) | 1.11 (1.00, 1.23) |
| Current vs not current smoking | 0.96 (0.89, 1.03) | 1.01 (0.92, 1.10) |
| Obesity vs no obesity | 1.02 (0.97, 1.07) | 1.02 (0.96, 1.08) |
| Depressive vs few/no depressive symptoms | 0.93 (0.86, 1.00) | 0.97 (0.89, 1.06) |
| Low vs high HDL‐C | 0.98 (0.94, 1.03) | 1.06 (1.01, 1.12) |
| SBP per SDc | 0.97 (0.95, 0.99) | 0.96 (0.93, 0.99) |
| PCS per SDd | 0.97 (0.95, 1.00) | 0.98 (0.95, 1.01) |
| History vs no history of CHD | 1.22 (1.16, 1.28) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.10) |
Models are simultaneously adjusted for all healthcare utilization factors. CHD indicates coronary heart disease; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; PCS, physical component score; PR, prevalence ratio; REGARDS, REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
Model adjusts for all healthcare utilization factors simultaneously.
Age standard deviation for statin use sample was 8.8 years; for LDL‐C control sample, 8.4 years.
SBP standard deviation for statin use sample was 16.9 mm Hg; for LDL‐C control sample, 16.5 mm Hg.
PCS standard deviation for statin use sample was 11.3 points; for LDL‐C control sample, 11.3 points.