Table 7.
Hazard Ratios and 95% CI of a 1‐Point Increase in AHEAD Score for Long‐Term All‐Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality, Using Univariate and Multivariate Cox Proportional Regression Analysis in Patients with Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Measured by Simpson's Rule
| Crude Ratio | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total study populations, n=818 | |||
| All‐cause mortality | 1.28 (1.14–1.44) | 1.46 (1.24–1.72) | 1.26 (1.00–1.58) |
| Cardiovascular death | 1.54 (1.29–1.84) | 1.69 (1.32–2.17) | 1.50 (1.09–2.07) |
| HFrEF, n=328a | |||
| All‐cause mortality | 1.45 (1.19–1.75) | 2.04 (1.49–2.79) | 1.84 (1.29–2.60) |
| Cardiovascular death | 1.73 (1.33–2.26) | 2.28 (1.51–3.45) | 2.04 (1.29–3.22) |
| HFpEF, n=490a | |||
| All‐cause mortality | 1.21 (1.04–1.41) | 1.29 (1.06–1.57) | 0.90 (0.65–1.27) |
| Cardiovascular death | 1.46 (1.13–1.88) | 1.42 (1.02–1.97) | 1.06 (0.62–1.81) |
Model 1: with adjustments for sex, left ventricular ejection fraction, sodium, uric acid, hypertension, use of β‐blockers, mineralocorticoid antagonists, and RAS inhibitors. Model 2: with adjustments for variables of Model 2 plus NT‐proBNP. AHEAD indicates A: atrial fibrillation, H: hemoglobin, E: elderly, A: abnormal renal parameters, D: diabetes mellitus; HFpEF, acute heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, acute heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide; RAS, renin–angiotensin system.
LVEF had been calculated by means of Simpson's rule.