Figure 7.

Halofuginone effects in cardiomyocytes. Human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes were treated with 1 nmol/L endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), 200 nmol/L halofuginone (Halo), 2 mmol/L l‐threonine, and/or 2 mmol/L l‐proline for 24 hours. Total cellular RNA was harvested, and NPPA (proatrial natriuretic peptide) mRNA expression was examined by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis (A), N=3 for each treatment condition. One‐way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc analysis: ****P<0.0001. The protein level of p62 was detected by Western blot (B). The level of LC3B was detected by immunohistochemistry (C). One representative of 2 experiments was shown for B and C.