Table 1.
Patient Demographics and Characteristics
| All | Malea | Femalea | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 269 471 | 174 553 (64.8) | 94 918 (35.2) | <0.001 |
| Follow‐up, y | 2.9 [2.2, 3.6] | 2.9 [2.2, 3.6] | 2.9 [2.3, 3.5] | <0.001 |
| Age, y | 71.0±13.5 | 70.3±13.2 | 72.2±14.0 | <0.001 |
| Remotely monitored | 127 706 (47.4) | 82 450 (47.2) | 45 256 (47.7) | 0.189 |
| Device type | ||||
| PM | 115 076 (42.7) | 62 750 (35.9) | 52 326 (55.1) | <0.001 |
| ICD | 85 014 (31.5) | 62 934 (36.1) | 22 080 (23.3) | <0.001 |
| CRT‐D | 61 475 (22.8) | 44 345 (25.4) | 17 130 (18.0) | <0.001 |
| CRT‐P | 7906 (2.9) | 4524 (2.6) | 3382 (3.6) | <0.001 |
| ZIP code–linked datab | ||||
| Have telephone | 97.5±2.3 | 97.5±2.3 | 97.4±2.3 | <0.001 |
| Median income | 54.6±21.8 | 55.2±22.1 | 53.5±21.0 | <0.001 |
| Below poverty line | 14.1±8.4 | 13.8±8.3 | 14.5±8.5 | <0.001 |
| Receive SNAP | 1.1±1.1 | 1.1±1.1 | 1.2±1.1 | 0.002 |
| Bachelor's degree | 26.2±15.1 | 26.5±15.3 | 25.6±14.8 | <0.001 |
| Race: white | 76.7±21.6 | 77.3±21.1 | 75.5±22.4 | <0.001 |
| Race: black | 12.6±18.9 | 12.0±18.2 | 13.7±19.9 | <0.001 |
| Race: American Indian | 0.7±3.2 | 0.7±3.2 | 0.7±3.1 | 0.758 |
| Race: Asian | 3.8±7.0 | 3.8±6.9 | 3.8±7.1 | 0.777 |
| Race: other | 3.7±6.4 | 3.7±6.3 | 3.8±6.6 | <0.001 |
| Race: 2 races | 2.4±2.2 | 2.4±2.3 | 2.4±2.2 | 0.001 |
| Uninsured | 14.6±7.5 | 14.4±7.4 | 14.8±7.5 | <0.001 |
| Civilian | 62.3±8.9 | 62.2±9.0 | 62.4±8.6 | <0.001 |
| Unemployed | 9.7±4.4 | 9.7±4.4 | 9.9±4.5 | <0.001 |
| Not in labor force | 37.4±8.9 | 37.5±9.1 | 37.3±8.6 | <0.001 |
| Urban residence | 76.3±33.4 | 76.0±33.7 | 77.0±32.9 | <0.001 |
Values presented as mean±SD, median [interquartile range], or N (%). CRT‐D indicates cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillation capability; CRT‐P, cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacing capability; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; PM, pacemaker; SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.
For some parameters, comparison between male and female patients yields differences that are very small in magnitude and clinically insignificant, but statistically significant. This is attributed to the large number of patients in each group, for whom even a small difference between largely similar populations becomes statistically significant. This pattern persisted across all device types.
All parameters in this section were measured as % in ZIP code except median income, which was thousands of dollars in ZIP code.