Table 2.
Calcification and BHV Structural Valve Degeneration
| Group | Number Analyzed | Implant Duration (Y, Mean±SE) | Ca Content of Explant (μg/mg, Mean±SE) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unimplanted bovine pericardial leaflets | 5 | N/A | 7.07±0.30 |
| Unimplanted porcine aortic valve cusps | 5 | N/A | 0.60±0.08 |
| Entire explants population | 47 | 8.63±0.42 | 124.24±15.30 |
| BP explants | 36 | 8.52±0.43 | 142.00±16.95 |
| PAV explants | 11 | 8.94±1.24 | 66.28±29.49* |
| Stenosis | 20 | 7.77±0.62 | 153.64±23.23 |
| Regurgitation plus stenosis | 20 | 8.81±0.68 | 123.14±22.93 |
| Regurgitation only | 7 | 10.31±0.87 | 43.63±30.22† |
| DM | 11 | 7.16±0.66 | 168.79±30.99 |
| No DM | 36 | 9.05±0.49 | 110.68±17.18 |
| CABG | 16 | 6.89±0.73 | 124.81±27.75 |
| With DM | 7 | 7.30±0.85 | 169.19±37.98 |
| Non‐CABG | 31 | 9.61±0.44 | 124.00±18.58 |
| With DM | 4 | 6.93±1.19 | 168.09±61.29 |
BHV indicates bioprosthetic heart valve; BP, bovine pericardial; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; DM, diabetes mellitus; N/A, not assessed; PAV, porcine aortic valve.
Statistically significant differences between calcium content are shown comparing all explants and unimplanted (P<0.001, Welch t test), BP (bovine pericardial) and PAV (porcine aortic valve) explants (*P=0.035, Welch t test), and regurgitation only and stenosis only († P=0.049, 1‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc correction).