Fig 2. Diagrams of the segments from the COI and Tpi genes used for the genetic analysis.
A: CO1 gene segment with dark block arrows identifying PCR primers used to amplify the fragment (dark bar) that contains the barcode region (from nucleotide 186 to 823). Grey block arrows identify primers used to amplify the fragment (light bar) with the CO11164 and CO11287 polymorphic sites. CO1-RS is defined as a T at CO11164 together with an A at CO11287. There are four corn-strain (CO1-CS) haplotypes (h1-h4) with and A or G at both CO11164 and CO11287. B: Portion of the fall armyworm Tpi gene with block arrows indicating PCR primers. The e4183 site is polymorphic for a C or T. PCR amplification was done using primers 282F and 850R. DNA sequencing was performed using primer 412F, which initiates in the same exon as e4183. Representative DNA chromatograph patterns are shown to illustrate how Tpi-C, Tpi-R, and Tpi-h are defined.